Technology & Creative Services Coordinator, Kadant Unaflex, Get our monthly blog digest in your inbox, Privacy|Terms| Benefits Compliance. 30 psig and 1400F U.S. Bellows provides custom designed expansion joints in duct work and fabricated duct work Purge, www.usbellows.com Phone: 877-660-1795sales@usbellows.com It is designed to protect the inner portions of the expansion joint from external conditions. We follow the Engineering design practices as detailed in the Expansion Joint Manufacturers Catalog for our bellows and The bodyor carcass as it is sometimes calledis the internal reinforcement encapsulated by the tube and cover. Some applications may Configurations can include dual bellows and externally pressurized. expansion joints are used in Fluid Catalytic Cracking Units (FCCU), furnaces, hot gas Joints designed for 150 PSIG and Expansion joints are sometimes misunderstood. range from: Pipe. Internal, www.usbellows.com Phone: 877-660-1795sales@usbellows.com PRODUCT, www.usbellows.com Phone: 877-660-1795sales@usbellows.com Expansion Joint designed for Hydrostatic Testing environments. Despite the name, expansion joints normally do not expand during operation. for Air Intake in a generator Unit at a The use of a floating ring, attached to the pipe by shear pads. These factors often are overlooked. Threaded flanges may be added to the threaded end compensators if a flanged connection is preferred. Recently we have fabricated alot of bellows from Hastelloy C-276. Two 43" Hinged Expansion Joints with 5" Thick In Europe, the term expansion joint is not used. The top left is a Slip Type expansion joint. 92" Toroidal Bellow Expansion Joint for an ASME U Stamp Heat Exchanger Shell. Types of Expansion Joints - Fabric Gas (LNG) Service They are referred to as compensators, which best describes them. Expansion Joints Fabricated from Thermal expansion occurs when materials expand or contract with temperature changes. Bellows are manufactured from relatively thin-walled tubing to form acorrugated cylinder. You can see the fabric being fitted on the studs. expansion joints, are suited for Attention P.E.s: this Webinar is worth 1 PDH credit for TX P.E.s Expansion Joint designed On the bottom left we have some very large fabric joints that were built with 3 layer belts: the inner belt is good for 1000 degrees with cable lining on top of that and then some more fabric on top of that; which is fiber-glassed reinforced Teflon that is good for 650 degrees. Join us for a HYBRID Types of Expansion Joints - Hinged of Expansion Joints - Rectangular Metallic headset are on and turned up OR dial the number and use the access code listed in This ring is about 5.5 thick of chrome-moly. Like circular expansion joints, rectangular expansion joints absorb three types of movement: axial, The bellows has met the EMJA cycle life calculation of 1,000 cycles and Thoroughly mix Belzona 5231 Base and Solidifier until a uniform color is achieved. the structural members supporting the system. For sales in the United States, please contact: Quick Links: HomeAboutProductsServices Our CustomersIndustriesContact Us Types of Expansion Joints Expansion Joint Accessories This type of expansion joint is really a combination of several types. Hinged, www.usbellows.com Phone: 877-660-1795sales@usbellows.com of pressure thrust), Pressurized Expansion Joints Where the top of the line can be supported with springs and the whole load of the vertical section of the pipe can be transmitted to the hinge pins on the joints. Once the Belzona product has cured, carefully remove the wooden former from the joint. which is 98% resistant to sulfuric acid The bellows are typically fabricated from A516 Erik Daron becomes President & General Manager of Teikoku USA Inc. Randy Brown Named Acting President of Fluid Components International, Brel & Kjr Vibro Names Ingo Anders as CEO, Choose the Right Mechanical Seal for Potable Water Production, The Benefits of Switching to a Pump Gas Seal, Permanently Installed Technology: The Major Advance in Motor Testing, A Complete Guide to Pressure Measurement Basics, Ensuring Water Safety With ANSI/NSF-61 Certification, Treatment Plant Makes a Successful Switch From UV to PAA to Disinfect Effluent, In-depth articles on pump industry issues, Expert insights into important topics in the field. and drainage plugs are installed in the crest of the bellows. 54", www.usbellows.com Phone: 877-660-1795sales@usbellows.com is on the external surface of the bellows. Elastomeric expansion joints are also widely used because of their excellent resistance to shock and wear.Shock and bending loads are generated in piping systems from water hammer, pressure surges and seismic events. carbon steel flanges. joint on an automobile works. Pipe, pump or other equipment? On the right is a fabric expansion joint. Temperature Change Improving the Semiconductor Industry With Ultra-Pure Seals, FST's Simmerring - Proven Seal Design, New Materials, Low-Friction Bearings Reduce Energy Losses in Free-Stream Turbines, Improving Seal Retention Through Custom Seal Design. Here are some additional photos of some pressure balanced elbow expansion joints. INCONEL 625 LCF The body can have two types of reinforcement: fabric reinforcement consisting of quality synthetic fabrics and metal reinforcement in the form of wire or solid steel rings. Replacing mechanical components in a piping system can be extremely expensive. carbon steel or stainless steel, and in diameters of 42" or larger. Expansion Joints In most cases, multiple convolutions are required to provide sufficient flexibility to accommodate theexpected expansion and contraction of the piping system. Movements include axial extension and compressions, lateral movements and angular movements. In systems that have a media with significant Non-metallic joints are also superior to metallic joints when used to absorb vibration. Our website is the place to find technical information, including Technical Bulletins on Fatigue Testing, Heat Exchanger Shell Bellows, Pressure Balanced Expansion Joints and High Temperature Furnace Seal Bags. Positive Material It would be much easier to find a 30 expansion joint than a metal hose with a 30 ID. Carbon steel pipe, with a coefficient of thermal expansion of 6.4 x10-6 inches per inches-Fahrenheit (in/in-F), grows almost 2 inches per hundred feet for a 260 F temperature rise, and T-304 stainless steel grows about one-and-a-half times this rate. As we move along the pipe line towards the expansion joint you can see the guides positioned at various intervals. With many years of experience in design, production and marketing of expansion joints, we are competitive and specialized on the know-how on the solution for demand required in a technical and economical view. sales@usbellows.com, call us at 877-660-1795 or visit our .010" TO .500" wall with varying Contrary to widespread belief, control rods are not designed to keep the expansion joint in line and prevent the joint from moving in excessive lateral offset. (Overall length is 125-5/8", designed with Inconel 625 bellows, a 304 stainless steel liner The ring there also acts as a guide ring so when using this in a steam line you dont have to use the guide at 4 Pipe diameters away. protect the bellows from erosion. Round corner bellows will Thank you for reading our blog! Types of Expansion Joints Otherwise the Value-Added Services The main function of these two joints is to take the lateral motion in a horizontal direction. Types of Expansion Joints low levels. An elastomeric expansion joint typically consists of the tube, carcass and cover (see Figure 2). The main anchors must resist the sum of the above two forces: Pressure Thrust + Bellows Spring Force Here, in the top photos, you can see that we have performed a burst test, where we took and pressurized the expansion joint until it failed. Expansion joints work as shock absorbers to accept these forces and displacements and protect the system from damage. This type of expansion joint can solve a lot of problems. Stainless Steel Falling tools, standing on the bellows, contact with pipes, On this slide, we see an application of a hinged expansion joint. However, expansion joints on their own are susceptible to failure. movements should be specified, in order Non-metallic expansion joints, on the other hand, are not limited by cycling fatigue. assemblies. Types of Expansion Joints - Hinged If axial travel is desired, the piping designer should Thermal expansion occurs when materials expand or contract with temperature changes. Belzona also offer solutions to an extensive range of engineering problems and repair situations. Functional Capabilities. Power Heat Pipe loops may add the required flexibility to a piping systemif space permits, however the initial cost of the additional pipe,elbows and supports must be considered. Sometimes the simplest construction details can be among the most important. Presentation, www.usbellows.com Phone: 877-660-1795sales@usbellows.com Burst Test The pressure thrust force of an expansion joint is defined in Equation 1. Your blog is very informative! Arch broadening or migration can result in premature joint failure. lengths must frequently be supported to prevent excessive deflection and stresses of the bellows Piping Designer in Lahmeyer International India Pvt. Functional Capabilities. It is necessary to know how many cycles a joint can move the predicted movement. It is important to use control rods to protect the expansion joint when the piping system is not adequately anchored. Cohesion loss is the loss of internal bond in the sealant. Externally Pressurized Expansion Joints Many of these functions are not accomplished with alternative methods like metallic expansion joints or expansion loops. It can be found here. Pulp & Paper Performing a The ideal combination of thickness for pressure and thinness for flexibility is the design issue for our engineers. Exhaust Hydro-tested at 75 psig reinforced tube & cover, In order to help you make the right decision for your manufacturing, here are some of the basic types of expansion joints that you should know about. Protective Covers: (Omega Bellows Expansion Joint), shaped bellows cause a bending stress due to the pressure load on the convolution side wall. Joint Refurbished The actual flow velocity should be multiplied by 4 to determine if a liner is required per the above guidelines. This is defined as the area of the bellows times the pressure in the line. presents: In this way, the overall length of the unit does not change Design details Slip type (Dresser Style) expansion joints are used when the primary problem is a large axial Pipe, pump or other equipment? movement and 150 psig at 176F, with a Double Gimbal Universal Expansion Joint The cover is the exterior surface of the expansion joint, and it is made of synthetic or natural rubber. In many ways, expansion joints are the most important components of a well-designed piping system. Temperature:This refers to the minimum and maximum operating temperatures of the application, both internal and external to the expansion joint. This differs from misalignment, which is a condition that occurs when piping is misaligned prior to the initial installation. Because it is a heat exchanger with fixed tubes, we coudlnt take the heat exchanger apart without wrecking all the tubes, so we built a bellows, cut it in half, and put it back together on the outside of the shell and welded it to make it complete again. Energy Joint with Covers For example, a 12-inch internal diameter (ID) expansion joint could have a mean diameter of 13 inches. 4" Refractory Lining, 321 Stainless Steel Each set On the right, the joint is protecting a raised wall from possible deck movement. Covers prevent direct contact with the bellows, offering personnel protection, as well as protection to the bellows from physical damage such as falling objects, weld splatter or arc strikes. The longitudinal rigidity of the pipe prevents extension to a point. Features: Non-metallic joints can handle some higher-pressure conditions better than metallic joints. Liquefied Natural up to 4 in Each Plane It can the spring rates of the balancing and the universal bellows. In structures, expansion joints can help absorb the expansion and contraction of concrete slabs as a result of temperature changes. Single Expansion Joints: Made by attaching fittings to a single bellows, these expansion joints are typically used for axial compression and extension. These expansion joints are fabricated from 304 stainless steel bellows and 300 lb. Clamshell Bellows Expansion Joint IT IS APPROXIMATELY EQUAL TO THE AREA OF A CIRCLE LYING of Expansion Joints - Refractory-lined Piping systems and ducting systems are constantly under stress related to thermal expansion and mechanical growth. Ducting systems of power plants, concrete facilities, and other industries are moving high-temperature gasses at low pressures. Expansion Joint Wear and Damage. In a 12 inch line, with 150lbs and you multiply it by the area of the bellows. Flanges with Carbon Steel Backing Bars and Liner, Dia. OR dial the number and use the access code listed in your confirmation email. Carbon steel shell and flanges The body provides the expansion joints structural strength under varying system pressures and vacuum conditions. In some cases, pipe diameter must be increasedto compensate for losses due to pressure drop. in the power, petrochemical, refining, chemical, and steel can provide your design engineers with the potential forces and movements for proper design of John, www.usbellows.com Phone: 877-660-1795sales@usbellows.com Carbon steel pipe, with a coefficient of thermal expansion of 6.4 x10-6 inches per inches-Fahrenheit (in/in-F), grows almost 2 inches per hundred feet for a 260 F temperature rise, and T-304 stainless steel grows about one-and-a-half times this rate. Property Power Plants Thoroughly mix Belzona 4911 (Magma TX Conditioner) and brush it over the entire repair area. Right: High Strength Inconel 625 LCF bellows and A105 flanges1400 psig and 120 degrees F and 4-1/2 lateral movement always be constructed using the "U" convolution profile. The expansion joint was preset for 6" lateral travel and is capable of lateral travel up to 13". Heat Exchanger Please note some of the points of interest. 55' Long by 14' 6" Wide Rectangular Metallic Expansion Joint Deflections result in stresses, and they must be kept as low as possible to avoid premature fatigue failures Attention Attendees: to listen to the audio portion, check that your speakers or Copyright 2023Badger Industries. structural design and 36" An expansion joint is commonly located on structures such as bridges, highways and sidewalks. (Bottom-Left) Angular Movement refers to bending on the centerline and halfway between the ends of the bellows Make sure to fill in all the empty spaces with the mixed product. Tomorrow permanently installed technology will monitor motors. In order to help you make the right decision for your manufacturing, here are some of the basic types of expansion joints that you should know about. -For Structural Analysis, we use STAAD II One movement cycle occurs each time the expansion joint deflects from the installed length, to the operating temperature length, and then back again to the original installation length. Application: This refers to how the expansion joint will be used. Fabric Expansion Joints Performance Assurance Program Attention P.E.s: this Webinar is worth 1 PDH credit for TX P.E.s Helium Leak Detection They consist of one or more metal bellows, connectors at both ends, and The main purposes of an elastomeric expansion joint are to reduce noise and vibration and Construction. Stationary Engine An expansion joint is a mid-structure separation designed to absorb vibration, join objects, or allow movement. Pro/E for 3-D Part Design If the piping problem requires greater capability, then the overall length can be increased to suit. With many years of experience in design, production and marketing of expansion joints, we are competitive and specialized on the know-how on the solution for demand required in a technical and economical view. Dye Penetration Testing Emergency Response extension while restraining the full pressure thrust of the system. Find the force due to the pressure: Types of Expansion Joints Others are free formed, similar to blowing up a balloon. Failure analysis can help define what a seal experienced during operation before failing. Mechanical growth is caused by pressure surges when the system starts up or shuts down. Fabric expansion jointsare available in an array of frame design and belt configurations. Other piping system componentsflanges, gaskets, strainers, valves, pumps and the pipe itselfseem to get most of the design time. 14" In-line Pressure Balanced Expansion Joints number of plies in the various alloys, ENGINEERING a difficult design problem. Radiography Test Actual or factored flow velocities should always be included with design data, particularly flow that exceeds 100 ft./sec. Bellows Fabrication and Terminology Thick-wall expansion joints are used primarily in heat exchangers and large diameter piping systems Find out how the plant is experiencing reliable disinfection of wastewater and meeting all disinfection requirements now. For example, a 12-inch internal diameter (ID) expansion joint could have a mean diameter of 13 inches. This is popular bellows in acid plants and heat exchangers with high pressure. You can also have this type of application from the top of a tower or from 1 vessel to another vessel. They are also used extensively in refineries, chemical plants, heat exchangers, aerospace, onboard ships and engine exhaust systems, (Top-Left) Axial Movement refers to the change in dimensional length of the bellows parallel to the centerline of the expansion joint Fabric expansion joints are often used in ducts which carry hot gases at low pressures. Belzonas epoxy solutions can be used to repair failing expansion joints. Our facility is located on a thirty-five (35) acre property including additional room for future expansion Belzona provides polyurethane sealants that protect expansion joints from incompressible debris while offering advantageous mechanical properties including high movement capability, high elastic recovery, and high abrasion resistance. The selection of polymer or rubber is dictated by both the internal and external environment of the application. On the right is a special rubber design that we used in a chemical plant. OUTSIDE DIAMETER WALL THICKNESS convolution shapes may be formed into toroidal dye cavities. Expansion Joints (6" Dia., 15-3/8" Overall Length, Design Temp. Pipe growth between anchors (?) -It is used in 3D Part Design Toroidal convolution consists of a circular tube (or totus) wrapped around weld ends or pipe ends having a gap at the I.D. Non-metallic joints are also superior to metallic joints when used to absorb vibration. lateral deflection is absorbed by the universal end, and there is no lateral deflection imposed on the Force due to the pressure = Pressure thrust = (P) x (Aeff) In this example, a spring rate of 500 pounds per inch (lb/in) would not be uncommon. 1.Expansion Joint The selection of the optimum expansion joint depends on a technical as well as an economical aspect. Engine Exhaust Thick Wall Flanged and Flued Head Expansion Joints 70 weld ends), of Expansion Joints - Clamshell Strip seals are flexible neoprene membranes adhered to the joint walls. The proper seal is important when attempting to meet water quality standards. The main anchors must resist the sum of the above two forces: Pressure Thrust + Bellows Spring Force can be accepted by this expansion joint, relieving the piping designer of having to provide additional Were going to go into some basic expansion joint application This particular expansion joint is installed in a line where we have a directional main anchor and a main anchor (shown above). One important consideration when dealing with these types of movements is the use of control rods, which are essential pieces of hardware added to the expansion joint during installation. Using non-metallic softer expansion joints can result in lower pipe and anchors loads, so PVC pipe will be less likely to fail. Metallic Expansion Joint Ultimately, this translates into maximizing the cycle-life or life-span of the bellows and Expansion Joint Assembly. The cover, like the tube, acts to protect the carcass. On the right are two bellows we shipped to a refinery that was switching out the bellows during a shut-down. The resilient arch is primarily designed to handle the required flexibility, but it also has to withstand the required temperature and pressure. 2 ft./sec./inch of diameter. The information on this slide provides some more comprehensive guide-lines as to where the installation of Anchors, Supports and / Guides should be placed, Immediate Online Inquiry. Externally pressurized expansion Sometimes the simplest construction details can be among the most important. This method can help keep the long-term success of a plant in mind. As we get closer to the expansion joint, you can see the guides labeled G1 and G2. Functional Capabilities. On the left is a 44 universal joint with tie-rods These next two slides provide a little clearer illustration of how a bellows would appear when used as an intrugal component in an Expansion Joint capability. What Are the Basics of Applying Expansion Joints? Typical convolution geometry's and corner construction details are shown below. They are referred to as compensators, which best describes them. Each time a deflection occurs it is a CYCLE. Thick Wall Expansion Joints It contains two sets of hinge pins or pivots, the axis of each set perpendicular to the other. Space and Size Limitations. It is fixed in the horizontal and vertical directions. Types of Expansion Joints - Universal The main anchor doesnt allow that elbow to move in any direction. Elbow Turbine Crossover Expansion Joint The distribution of Slotted Hinged Expansion Joint Using Belzona 2911, condition the internal parts of the joint. Note: It is our responsibility to protect your privacy and we guarantee that your data will be completely confidential. Heavy Metal 108" Diameter Thick Wall Expansion Joint These "slotted hinge" types will not resist pressure thrust forces, and anchoring must be provided. potential clogging of the space provided for slip movement. 36" Pressure Balanced Elbow Expansion Joints Value-Added Services It was Designed for 1,900F at 100 psig with 240" x 80" and 157" x 65" If it cannot withstand the forces and movements generated by the piping deflection, a third expansion joint can be used at the top, to the right of the PG and thrust if needed. The rigidity of the pipes and connections do not allow for such movements without placing the material under unnecessary stress. For more information on this topic, see the newly published FSA Technical Handbook Non-Metallic Expansion Joints and Flexible Connectors - Seventh Edition. to permit axial stroke. Expansion Joint designed installed when a particulate barrier or purge With "U" axial pressure thrust forces, which must be reacted by main and directional anchors. 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