J Environ Manag 132:121128, Telegraph, 10 Largest Oil Spills in History (n.d.) Retrieved 18 October 2017, from web site: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/australiaandthepacific/newzealand/8812598/10-largest-oil-spills-in-history.html, The Atlantic, The Exxon Valdez Oil Spill: 25 Years Ago Today (n.d.) Retrieved 20 November 2017, from web site: https://www.theatlantic.com/photo/2014/03/the-exxon-valdez-oil-spill-25-years-ago-today/100703/, Urgun-Demirtas M, Stark B, Krishna P (2006) Use of genetically engineered microorganisms (GEMs) for the bioremediation of contaminants. Biosurfactant role is reducing the interfacial tension available between oil and water and enhancing the droplets dispersion in water column (Montagnolli et al. This fact sheet is to provide on scene coordinators and other decision-makers with the latest information on evolving technologies that may be applicable for use in responding to an oil spill. Bioremediation methods typically fall into three categories. In the context of ameliorating the adverse environmental impact of an 2016). In: Oil spill science and technology. of oil biodegradation in bioremediation efforts as well as limit the The obtained efficiencies were 54.38% and 53.46% for Guar gum and locust bean gum respectively which is higher than the efficiencies obtained by ionic and non-ionic surfactants. Sci Total Environ 576:310318, Chai L, Jiang X, Zhang F, Zheng B, Shu F, Wang Z, Cui Q, Dong H, Zhang Z, Hou D, She Y (2015) Isolation and characterization of a crude oil degrading bacteria from formation water: comparative genomic analysis of environmental Ochrobactrum intermedium isolate versus clinical strains. According to a case study when the sewage sludge was used as biostimulator, Bioagumentation is adding microorganisms genetically designed to biodegrade soil contaminants, Bioattention is a method that used to add nutrients or bacteria and does not require anthropology involvement. Escuela Tecnica Superior de ingenieros de Minas, Helmy Q, Laksmono R, Kardena E (2015) Bioremediation of aged petroleum oil contaminated soil: from laboratory scale to full scale application. An indicator to quantify the contamination in the soil is total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) concentration, which in the case of oil spills can reach 2050gkg1 in the soil. However, GoMRI researchers did find evidence of anaerobic Initial cleanup efforts following an oil spill involve the use of chemical dispersants, mixtures of emulsifiers and solvents that break oil slicks down into smaller droplets. Seeding of microorganisms to the contaminated site can reduce the lag period to start the biodegradation. J Soils Sediments 13(1):152165, Horel A, Mortazavi B, Sobecky PA (2015) Input of organic matter enhances degradation of weathered diesel fuel in sub-tropical sediments. Google Scholar, Kuhad RC, Singh A (2013) Biotechnology for environmental management and resource recovery. Dr. JeFreda R. Brown is a financial consultant, Certified Financial Education Instructor, and researcher who has assisted thousands of clients over a more than two-decade career. 2017). The reduction reactions at the cathodes are exploited for the reduction of oxidized compounds (Daghio et al. 2012; Chandrasekhar and Venkata Mohan 2012). The best oil removal was achieved at 30C with immobilized mixed biofilm on polyurethane foam after 7days. Recently, the application of biosurfactant microorganisms gained attention in the research due to offering superior biodegradability and being environmentally friendly in comparison with synthetic surfactants (Szulc et al. Recently, the researchers are searching to manipulate the microorganisms genetically to enhance their oil-degrading ability (Martin et al. Bioremediation of Oil Spills - Science World The United Nations acknowledges IDEAS For Uss nonprofit urban agricultureprogram, Fleet Farming, as part of an edible garden initiative. with the specialized hydrocarbon-degrading capabilities of bacteria If microorganisms cannot digest compounds left behind after an oil spill, the process will not be successful. After reviewing past evidence, it is obvious that bioremediation must be taken into consideration when drafting response plans to any future oil spills or disasters. bacteria in oil spill bioremediation efforts are constrained by the container of dishwashing soap labelled Fake bacterial solution. These can be originated from cleaning process of the equipment and unit or residues in containers and outdated chemicals and accidents during transportation (Helmy et al. The ability of this biosurfactant was tested in the work of Bezza and Chirwa in batch experiments for enhancing the bioremediation of PAHs from heavy oil-contaminated sands (Bezza et al. Image source: Oil is seen leaking from the Japanese-owned bulk carrier, MV Wakashio 13. These microbes convert contaminants into small amounts of water, as well as harmless gases like carbon dioxide. Among the available methods, bioremediation is the most benign method which aims at enhancing the microbial metabolic activity and consequently stimulates the oxidation-reduction of the contaminants. are among the microorganisms with the ability to degrade petroleum hydrocarbons. 2015). Oil spills can occur in marine and terrestrial environments and threat the ecosystem and human health (Cheng et al. 2015). From his chaotic workspace he draws in several different illustrative styles with thick outlines, bold colours and quirky-child like drawings. [3] R. M. Atlas and T. C. Hazen, "Oil Biodegradation The largest oil spills in the history occurred in the sea such as Gulf War, Deepwater Horizon, Ixtoc 1 oil well, Amoco Cadiz, and other famous oil spills (Lim et al. Google Scholar, Miklaucic EA, Saseen J (1989) The Ashland oil spill, Floreffe, PA CASE history and response evaluation. Other microorganisms with the ability to degrade petroleum hydrocarbons are Yokenella sp., Alcaligenes sp., Alcanivorax sp., Microbulbifer sp., Sphingomonas sp., Micrococcus sp., Cellulomonus sp., Dietzia sp., Roseomonas sp., Stenotrophomonas sp., Gordonia sp., Acinetobacter sp., Corynebacterium sp., Flavobacter sp., Streptococcus sp., Providencia sp., Sphingobacterium sp., Capnocytophaga sp., Bacillus sp., Enterobacter sp., and Moraxella sp. And due to insufficient amount of nutrients, the microbes are unable to degrade the petroleum products. It can take a considerable amount of time to remove harmful chemicals and compounds from the area, during which time significant damage can occur to local ecosystems. It confirmed that certain marine bacteria were capable of regulating genetic pathways. Shuffling DNA sequences is another recently developed approach for obtaining novel proteins which is the random fragmentation and random reassembly. It was the deep water horizon oil spill into the Gulf of Mexico in 2010 that instigated the scientists to seek refuge in bioremediation. 2015). Bioresour Technol 110:517525, Cheng Y, Wang L, Faustorilla V, Megharaj M, Naidu R, Chen Z (2017) Integrated electrochemical treatment systems for facilitating the bioremediation of oil spill contaminated soil. The resultant substances are easily dissolved in water bodies and not harmful for the marine life. 2011). 2013). 2017). 2016). Limitations of application of GEMs in the environment are due to the species classification ambiguities, probable gene transfer to other microorganisms and co-release of antibiotic resistance markers. 2015). 2017). This is bioaugmentation with the right research into indigenous microorganisms, and with the right approach, it can significantly decrease the cost and complexity of the bioremediation process. During bioremediation, microorganisms degrade the organic contaminants (as their carbon and energy source) (Balba et al. [4] E. Z. Ron and E. Rosenberg, "Enhanced This accident decreased the biodiversity of the vertebrates and metazoan meiofauna. and Whole-Cell Simulations," Physics 240, Stanford University, Fall Sign up for the latest Science World news! One of the most famous oil spills was the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) accident which occurred in the year 2010 in Gulf of Mexico during the drilling rig explosion. The microorganisms suitable for degradation of polyaromatic hydrocarbons are Pseudomonas for naphthalene, Pseudomonas and Haemophilus for phenanthrene, Rhodococcus for anthracene, Haemophilus and Mycobacterium for pyrene, and Rhodococcus and Mycobacterium for benzo[a]pyrene (Gonzalez and Sanchez 2011). Observe the feather. PubMed Central In order to increase the effects of natural biodegradation, certain things are added to an oil spill to encourage the growth of microorganisms and therefore increase the rate of oil breakdown [2]. 2017). 2015). Bacteria can be used to clean up oil spills in the ocean through bioremediation. Crude oil never biodegrades completely. In this technique naturally degrading microbes are added to the site of pollution so as to promote biodegradation. Biosurfactants act more effective in different pH, temperature, and salinity in comparison to chemical ones (Bezza et al. Additionally, improved fertilizers which are carbon- neutral, less The electrons derived from oxidation of contaminants are accepted by an anode electrode buried in sediments. Curr Opin Biotechnol 11:286289, Singh B, Bhattacharya A, Channashettar VA, Jeyaseelan CP, Gupta S, Sarma PM, Mandal AK, Banwari L (2012) Biodegradation of oil spill by petroleum refineries using consortia of novel bacterial strains. Petrodiesel when mixed with biodiesel enhances solvating and ease of dispersion which prevent the pollutants from integration into sediments and facilitates recovery. Bioremediation refers to any technique in which a living or dead biological system (usually bacteria, microalgae, fungus, and plants) is used to remove environmental contaminants from air, water, soil, flue gases, industrial effluents, etc., in natural or artificial settings. Oily layer on the water surface threatens the existing marine flora and fauna (Jain et al. The enhancement was reported to be mostly related to co-metabolism and solvation. Have a student dip a fresh feather into the slick. This Incorporation of totally new metabolic pathways into bacterial strains is also possible. 2011). J Hazard Mater 283:211217, CrossRef This method has been developed in 1940s and became popular after Exxon Valdez oil spill in 1980s (Lim et al. Biotechnol. With hexane this biosurfactant showed 74% emulsification index and with cyclohexane 82%. After in situ burning, toxicity assessments must be performed on burned residues. 2017). Korean J Chem Eng 32(5):874881, Ng YF, Ge L, Chan WK, Tan SN, Hong Yong JW, Tan TTY (2015) An environmentally friendly approach to treat oil spill: investigating the biodegradation of petrodiesel in the presence of different biodiesels. J Microbiol Method 32(2):155164, Baniasadi M, Mousavi SM, Zilouei H, Shojaosadati SA, lRastegar SO (2018) Statistical evaluation and process optimization of bioremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in a bioreactor. Precipitation of phosphorus may also compete with oil-degrading microorganism (Jafarinejad 2017). already shown promising results in bioremediation tests due to its low That means the people responding must stay flexible and ready to deploy various methods. contamination and thereby increase the surface area of oil available to transporting crude oil and oil-derived refined fuels: nearly 2 billion The basis of this study originated from monitoring the fate of hydrocarbon contaminants in the environment and search for the methods to accelerate the natural degrading process by overcoming the rate-limiting factors (Jain et al. However, experiments showed the sponge released less than 1% of its oil in those cases. 1998; Lu et al. In both of these cases,bioremediation was highly effectiveincombatting the petrochemical pollution that followed. As mentioned earlier the strategies to remediate the oil spills are based on physicochemical or biological technologies. 2013). Rhamnolipids is one common surface active compound of microbial origin since the congeners-constituents of this bioemulsifier are well described and investigated for efficient application during soil flushing and mobilization of resistant contaminants. Since petroleum hydrocarbons are naturally occurring in the ocean albeit in low concentrations numerous microorganisms have evolved to feed off of them. [3,4], In the context of ameliorating the adverse Mathematical models were used for demonstrating and predicting the effect of biosurfactant on kinetics of biodegradation process. Following factors highly affect the process of bioremediation in cleaning of oil spills: Bacteria, fungi, algae, and even plants carry out bioremdiation. 2017). 2012). Such progress is vital to everyone who cares about bio-based ways to address oil spills. Another factor that limits the hydrocarbon degradation rate is the solubility of hydrocarbons. But how useful is the process in practice? Finally, bioremediation is cheaper than most cleanup methods because it does not require substantial equipment or labor. However, oxygen may be limited in some subsurface sediments such as anoxic zones in water columns. Google Scholar, Atlas RM (1995) Petroleum biodegradation and oil spill bioremediation. However, this method can be applied effectively for bioremediation of oil spills in soil and water too (Balba et al. By mid-1992, the cleanup was considered complete, and the fertilizer had degraded nearly all the oil compounds. existing bacteria via chemical additives to the surroundings to 2015). attribution to the author, for noncommercial purposes only. The buried oil treatment is a totally different process than superficial oil. 2011). "Syntrophic Biodegradation of Hydrocarbon Contaminants," Curr. They have isolated seven distinct bacterial colonies to degrade the furnace oil. Have a student dip a feather into the bioremediated water. New Way to Implement Hydrocarbon degradation in Soil Through Bioremediation . Also the degree of spreading can affect the surface area. Ty distils the world around him into its basic geometry, prompting us to look at the mundane in a different way. Researchers at the University of Texas, Austin, have revealed the genetic code of petroleum hydrocarbon degradation during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. 1998). 2014). The co-metabolism effect of biodiesel is its potential to act as nutrient source with providing the energy for microorganisms that consume hydrocarbon and consequently increasing microbial activity. The effects of temperature, salinity, presence of redox mediators, and fed-batch system on the degradation efficiency and electrochemical functionalities were studied in the work of Adelaja et al. Bioremediation is a less effective treatment strategy in the sea (Jafarinejad 2017), and the available knowledge is still rough and mainly focused on the application of prokaryotic organisms (Bovio et al. Discuss the impact that contaminants in our waste water might have on our water ecosystems. Microbial immobilization in oil sorbents can produce series of synergetic sorption-biodegradation reaction. Around this same time, bioremediation was gaining traction as a viable option for oil cleanups. 2013). In addition, Methylocella silvestris bacteria can grow very fast: one bacteria can be doubled every 10 hours 5. For the microbial fuel cell application in the real field, there is a need to study the robustness of the system in different operating conditions. Some bacteria can help to produce biosurfactants which can enhance the bioremediation by reducing surface tension and increase of crude oil uptake. Bacteria," Curr. quantities of such compounds in oil spill situations. Moreover, they adapt to stresses of their natural environment. 2015). Using Methylocella silvestris bacteria can reduce the greenhouse gases that can be released by oil spills and eliminate the impact of the methane and other gases. [2,2] Currently, oil tankers serve as the primary means of Development of federal governments blueprint (National Contingency Plan (NCP) which is for responding to oil spills and release of hazardous substance), assigning a competent (national) authority, and response capability are among the duties of governments (Walker 2017). Bioremediation is not an instantaneous remedy following an oil spill. Russia: Shelling and drone strikes hit inside Russia's border Benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, and xylene and in general aromatic hydrocarbons can be degraded by microorganisms such as Pseudomonas, Rhodococcus, and Ralstonia. Bioremediation of a contaminated site typically works in one of two ways. Aug 18, 2022 | Waste-water Treatment What is bioremediation used for? The costs of these environmental disasters such as Exxon Valdez and Deepwater Horizon are incalculable and can influence the whole wildelife and human health. As of 2013, as much as a third of the annual global Opin. Physical parameters (temperature, pressure, contaminant surface area) and chemical parameters (nutrient and oxygen availability, acidity, salinity, and contaminant nature and composition) have major effects on bioremediation. Currently, there are limited methods for cleaning up oil spill which have reached the shoreline or which have spread over a large area. Oxygen addition to hydrocarbons makes them more polar and water soluble, with more biodegradable and less toxic structure (Jafarinejad 2017). 1998). Bioremediation is not a theoretical solution it is a practical one, and it has been deployed with great effect at numerous points across the last few decades. Genetic transfer is the mechanism that is used for DNA transformation from a donor to recipient. It was reported that enrichment of anode had significant effects on the results obtained from microbial fuel cell both for contaminant removal and current generation (Venkidusamy et al. Greentumble is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.com. In this approach, non-exhaustible electron acceptors are used, and the necessity of aeration in the subsurface is eliminated. PubMed The best removal rate (82% for diesel) was obtained by application of a small amount of gum concentration (2ppm) (Hernndez-Espri et al. Part of Springer Nature. Oil spill removal in the sea is done conventionally by using booms, skimmers, and big sponges as sorbents, skimming and mechanical removal using sorbents, vacuuming, in situ burning, and chemical dispersants (Marzan et al. The process of bioremediation sits within a broader spectrum of ecological defenses. surrounding marine environment (Fig. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. Biodegradation is the natural process of oil spillage cleaning by the action of biological agents such as microbes etc. The carcinogenic and mutagenic effects of the oil spills in the sea have been proved. The collected electrons are transferred to the cathode via electrical connection and can be used to reduce the oxygen in anaerobic water environment. 2013). Oil Spill 1752 N St. NW were used to cleanup after the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. 2016). 2012). Review of World Energy," British Petroleum, June 2014. Another driving factor is that Thailand only has one commercially available oil-removal option. 2012). A 12,000-Barrel Oil Pipeline Spill Exposes Years of Lax Oversight. used microbial fuel cell, for bioremediation of sediments contaminated by hydrocarbons. Have another student mix some cocoa powder and vegetable oil in a cup to make an oil slick. Lipopeptides physicochemical properties make them stable at diverse temperatures and pH levels. 2015). CAS This method aims at biostimulation and bioaugmentation of the natural attenuation of the contaminants with indigenous microorganisms. J Chem Technol Biotechnol 52(2):149156, CrossRef The surface area of the contaminants can impact the interface of oil and water. Seabirds, such as seagulls and ducks, spend most of their life on water and go to land only during their nesting period. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. overcoming the rate-limiting effect of the inherent nutrient-deficient 2016). It is becoming a dominant bacterial population in petroleum contaminated sea water when nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients were supplied in adequate quantity 6. Some of these methods, like in situ burning or the use of dispersal agents, do a lot of harm themselves. Chemosphere 141:6270, Li H, He W, Qu Y, Li C, Tian Y, Feng Y (2017) Pilot-scale benthic microbial electrochemical system (BMES) for the bioremediation of polluted river sediment. Biodiesel addition enhanced the biodegradation rate of the mixture, respectively, 12.8%, 19.4%, and 17.5% (from different biomass sources). Following are some of the microbial genus that can be used: Bioremediation technique aims to provide safe and clean aquatic environment. The above examples showcasing the bioremediation of oil spills are undoubtedly inspiring. Fuel 139:523528, Pontes J, Mucha AP, Santos H, Reis I, Bordalo A, Basto MC, Bernabeu A, Almeida CMR (2013) Potential of bioremediation for buried oil removal in beaches after an oil spill. | Privacy Policy, Terms of Use and State Disclosures. 2015). The reason why it can grow in methane and propane because it consists of two enzyme systems that harness both gases at once 5. GS5-66, Bacillus sp. Bastida et al. 2016). These methods include fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH, techniques to identify the positions of genes on chromosomes), polymerase chain reaction (PCR, laboratory technique to make billions copies of specific part of DNA), denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE, applying a DNA or RNA sample to an electrophoresis gel containing denaturing agent), and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP, a technique for describing microbial communities on the basis of the position of a restriction site) and amplified rDNA restriction analysis (ARDRA, extension of RFLP technique) (Wasilkowski et al. biodegrading bacteria with oil is necessary such that the 2016). Nat Microbiol 1:17, Gomez F, Sartaj M (2013) Field scale ex-situ bioremediation of petroleum contaminated soil under cold climate conditions. This is followed by production of multiple copies of a single gene and selection of recombinant DNA. J Proteome 135:162169, Bezza FA, Evans M, Nkhalambayausi C (2015) Biosurfactant from Paenibacillus Dendritiformis and its application in assisting polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and motor oil sludge removal from contaminated soil and sand media. Genom 105(3):182190, Dellagnezze BM, de Sousa GV, Martins LL, Domingos DF, Limache EEG, de Vasconcellos SP, da Cruz GF, de Oliveira VM (2014) Bioremediation potential of microorganisms derived from petroleum reservoirs. The lack of contact with water-insoluble hydrocarbons is a problem that bacteria can solve by two general strategies. 2016; Dadrasnia and Agamuthu 2014). Bioremediation may be done "in situ"at the site of the contaminationor "ex situ"away from the site. It involves using biological systems to remove pollutants. This group can be added on the unsaturated ring of PAH and form alcohol as well. The development of novel The microorganism can exchange electrons with the electrodes directly or indirectly by using a chemical compound as an electron shuttle. This environmental contamination can pollute the drinking water, cause fire and risk of explosion, ruin the water and air quality, destroy the recreational areas, waste the nonrenewable resources, and have huge economic costs. The use of dispersant is a strategy to reduce the size of oil droplets to make it consumable by microorganisms more easily. In the work of Cheng et al., the microbial fuel cell for bioremediation of oil spill in soil was used. The bioremediation process creates relatively few harmful byproducts (mainly due to the fact that contaminants and pollutants are converted into water and harmless gases like carbon dioxide). The application of biowaste in the soil-contaminated with diesel fuel showed enrichment value of 13C in treatments amended with organic waste (Dadrasnia and Agamuthu 2014). Interestingly, the diversity of hydrocarbons that comprise oil coupled Polyurethane foam was selected as a carrier for being economic and readily available and presenting good buoyancy and oleophilic properties. For soil bioremediation, the limiting factors are aging of the spill, ambiguity of the soil matrix type, and nature of the contaminants (Xu et al. Volatile droplets evaporate and it results in cleaning of oil spills. for Oil Spills
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