https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scopulariopsis&oldid=1012851677, This page was last edited on 18 March 2021, at 17:44. PCR is basically the identification of mold species by DNA sequencing. Considering that most of the isolates from a respiratory origin (68%) have been obtained from BAL fluid samples rather than from proven cases, the possible role of these fungi in lung infection warrants further research. The product is provided 'AS IS' and the viability of ATCC products is warranted for 30 days from the date of shipment, provided that the customer has stored and handled the product according to the information included on the product information sheet, website, and Certificate of Analysis. The remaining 19.2% of isolates were from miscellaneous deep tissue or sterile fluid specimens (Table 2). The site is secure. Keep up to date with our events, news, and more. Based on recent phylogenetic studies, which resulted in multiple name changes, the aim is to molecularly identify the Scopulariopsis and . Interestingly, most S. gracilis and M. cinereus and all S. brumptii and M. cirrosus isolates tested in our study were from respiratory samples, which suggests a tendency toward localization at this anatomic site. Scopulariopsisspecies are usually isolated from hospital floors, carpets, swimming pools, wooden food packaging, shoes, and ligneous pulp. A maximal level of identity (MLI) of 98% was considered to allow for a species-level identification. 21st Century Guidebook to Fungi . [53], an increasing number of clinical laboratories begins to assess the usefulness of DNA-based methods for identification of isolates recovered from culture of clinical samples in order to complement morphology-based methods (especially when an isolate displays atypical colour, features, or morphology) or to supplant them when culture results are delayed due to slow or absent sporulation [54]. The strains Petriella setifera CBS 437.75 and Parascedosporium putredinis CBS 127.84 were used as outgroups. Reference method for broth dilution antifungal susceptibility testing of filamentous fungi; approved standard. Meanwhile, the fungus converts the arsenate found in the paper to trimethylarsine oxide. Darriba D, Taboada GL, Doallo R, Posada D. More recently, Iwen et al. 1987. Decomposers are essential for the survival of the ecosystem. Scopulariopsis chartarum Stachybotrys chartarum Trichoderma viride Wallemia sebi . 3). The whole story was clarified by Frederick Challenger in 1945 when he identified the gas as trimethylarsine. Clarification regarding the taxonomic status of the morphospecies M. trigonosporus is important because some invasive infections have been attributed to this species, e.g., a pneumonia in a bone marrow recipient (35) and an endocarditis case (36). Conidiogenous cells terminal, cylindrical, repeatedly forming basipetal chains of conidia from percurrently proliferating loci giving rise to apical annellations. [2] Scopulariopsis belongs to the group Hyphomycetes. The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. In: Innis MA, Gelfand DH, Sninsky JJ, White TJ, editors. Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP) were obtained from the 50% majority-rule consensus of trees sampled every 100 generations, after removing the first 25% of the resulting trees. Ragge NK, Hart JC, Easty DL, Tyers AG. 2001. The Hyphomycetes family includes fibrous fungi that multiply by conidia and which are mainly formed in the air on conidiophores derived from the substrate. Molds and other fungi also play a very significant role in biotechnology and food science, in the production of various types of food, beverages, drugs, antibiotics, and enzymes. 7 (1): 1115. We only provide this product sheet to customers who have purchased this biosafety level 3 product. In order to most effectively use this tool, the ERMI obtained needs to be compared to a national database. Scopulariopsis chartarum CAS Number: 68038-92-6 Additional Metadata. Isolates were grown on YES agar (20 g of yeast extract, 150 g of sucrose, 20 g of agar, 1 liter of distilled water) for 5 days at 25C. 2008. brevicaulis CBS 119550 (3); S. flava CBS 207.61 (4); S. fusca CBS 117787 (5); M. manginii CBS 195.61 (6); negative control (7). [2] Saprobes are a group of fungi that act as decomposers, feeding on dead and decaying wood, leaves, and other organic matter. The clinical syndromes in this dog with a fulminating mycotic disease mimicked those observed in dogs . Here is an example of an ERMI report from Envirobiomics Lab: To assist in the interpretation of the ERMI score this table can be used: However, when looking at the ERMI lab results it is also important to look at the species detected. Less commonly Scopulariopsis and Microascus species have been reported as causes of other infections including endocarditis [1518], keratitis [19, 20], endophthalmitis [21], sinusitis [22, 23], pulmonary fungus ball [24, 25], otomycosis [26, 27], pneumonia [2830], peritonitis [31], cerebral phaeohyphomycosis and brain abscess [3234], disseminated infection with skin lesions including a patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) [13], disseminated infection after bone marrow transplantation [35, 36], invasive infection after lung [37, 38] or heart and lung transplantation [39]. The isolates studied here showed high levels of resistance to the currently available antifungal agents. [50] performed a combined analysis of partial sequences of the large subunit (LSU) rRNA gene, -tubulin (TUBB), and elongation factor 1- (EF1-) genes for the taxonomic circumscription of Scopulariopsis species, whereas Bontems et al. You've successfully associated your account with your Profile. Sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer regions and the 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene conrmed this hypothesis and revealed a close genetic relationshipW. An official website of the United States government. (26). The most prevalent species was Scopulariopsis brevicaulis (49.4%), followed by Scopulariopsis gracilis (14.4%), Scopulariopsis brumptii (7.2%), Microascus cinereus (5.2%), the Scopulariopsis candida species complex (3.1%), and Microascus cirrosus (2.1%). Table 1 summarizes the key morphological features for distinguishing the most common species identified in this study. The certificate of origin for that lot of Scopulariopsis chartarum (Smith) Morton et Smith (MYA-393) is not currently available online. and Phialosimplex caninus, respectively. and Microascus spp. (b, e, and f) Scopulariopsis gracilis. 4). Scopulariopsis is a saprobic, hyaline fungus found ubiquitously in the environment which is rarely pathogenic belonging to the Microascales order ( Sandoval-Denis et al., 2016 ). Growing colonies of Scopulariopsis Chartarum have broad white edges consist of white mycelium. Furthermore, the sensitivity of confirmatory blood cultures is poor [44]. isolates tested in Microascus/Scopulariopsis-specific assay, and only for S. brevicaulis and S. koningii (syn. The conidia were one celled, hyaline, light green to dark brown, flat at the base, globose, limoniform or bullet-shaped with a smooth or rough surface, hydrophobic, and produced in long chains. From the front, the color is white initially and becomes light brown or buff tan in time. Invasive Scopulariopsis in the immunocompromised host. Bontems O, Hauser PM, Monod M. Evaluation of a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay for dermatophyte and nondermatophyte identification in onychomycosis. PCR mixtures, of 20l each, consisted of 10l of 2 PCR Master Mix Plus High GC (A&A Biotechnology, Gdynia, Poland), 0.1l of each primer (ScopFor, ScopRev) at 100M, and 2l of DNA. One of the most striking features of Scopulariopsis brevicaulis is its association with human deaths by producing arsine gas from arsenate dyes found in wallpapers. In this study, we present PCR and real-time PCR-based assays that enable genus-specific detection of Scopulariopsis spp. Chaetophoma sp. Otomycosis due to, Mohammedi I, Piens MA, Audigier-Valette C, et al. The amplified products were purified with the Diffinity RapidTip purification system (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) and stored at 20C until sequencing. In this paper, we present PCR and real-time PCR-based assays developed for the detection of cultured isolates of Scopulariopsis and Microascus genera, as well as S. brevicaulis species. This gas was produced by Penicillium brevicaulum, the mould fungus today known as Scopulariopsis brevicaulis. 2010. Maximum likelihood tree obtained from the combined EF1- and D1/D2 sequences of representative isolates. Baddley JW, Moser SA, Sutton DA, Pappas PG. ERMI Paecilomyces Variotii is one of the 36 species of molds genetically identified in an index called ERMI that is an acronym for Environmental Relative Moldiness Index that uses qualitative and quantitative PCR (qPCR) analyses for fungi. pathogens. MLI values of <98% provided identification only at genus level. Multidimensional Scaling for all five tested methods. If an alternative medium formulation or reagent is used, the ATCC warranty for viability is no longer valid. A 223-bp PCR product corresponding to S. brevicaulis was observed for 8/8 S. brevicaulis and 1/1 S. koningii (syn. Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, Utrecht /Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Reus, Spain, 2000/1126pp.ISBN: 90-70351-43-9, Neglia, J. P., D. D. Hurd, P. Ferrieri, and D. C. Snover. 2012. A bootstrap support (BS) of 70 was considered significant. To calculate the ERMI the individual concentrations of the mold species detected are log-transformed and the sum of group 2 logs is subtracted from the sum of group 1 logs. Scopulariopsis chartarum CBS 670.74 Dead branches of Picea excelsa/ 2Czech Republic Before Multiple sequence alignments were made in MEGA version 5.05 (29) using the ClustalW application (30) and manually refined under the same software platform. I, II, and VI, which were phylogenetically distant from the type strain of that species (CBS 218.31), i.e., they have 97.8%, 97.6%, and 98.0% sequence similarities, respectively. Posttraumatic fungal endophthalmitis resulting from, Kriesel JD, Adderson EE, Gooch WM, III, Pawia AT. Hennequin C, El-Bez M, Trotoux J, Simonet M. Besbes M, Makni F, Cheikh-Rouhou F, et al. So far, sequencing of rDNA regions of clinical isolates has produced ambiguous results due to the lack of reference sequences in publicly available databases. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted 2). Sandoval-Denis M, Sutton DA, Fothergill AW, et al. A case of fungal keratitis caused by Scopulariopsis brevicaulis: treatment with antifungal agents and penetrating keratoplasty. The genus Scopulariopsis, discovered by Bainier (1907), is a genus of fibrous fungi belonging to the group Hiphomicetes. S. gracilis was most frequently isolated from BAL fluid and sputum samples, while S. brumptii and M. cirrosus were only recovered from lower respiratory tract samples. Anandan V, Nayak V, Sundaram S, Srikanth P. An association of, Migriono RQ, Hall GS, Longworth DL. Immerse the ampoule just sufficient to cover the frozen material. [9]. are also clinically significant. Scopulariopsis is a filamentous fungus that inhabits soil, plant material, feathers, and insects. Food and indoor fungi. 1) Aspergillus flavus/oryzae, 27. https://www.greatplainslaboratory.com/gplmycotox, https://www.vibrant-wellness.com/tests/mycotoxins/, https://realtimelab.com/mycotoxin-testing/, https://www.survivingmold.com/diagnosis/ermi-testing, https://www.emlab.com/services/ermi-testing/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5551157/. We judge that since the name Scopulariopsis has been used much more frequently in the literature, including in medical publications, this name should have priority over Microascus. Additional, updated information on this product may be available on the ATCC web site at www.atcc.org. and Scopulariopsis spp. The clinical syndromes in this dog with a fulminating mycotic disease mimicked those observed in dogs. Young colonies appear blue-green or grey-green and white to cream or faintly pink on the reverse. Fatal invasive infection with fungemia due to, Iwen P, Schutte SD, Florescu DF, et al. Below are three labs, the mycotoxins they test for, and then matched to the ERMI test: MYCOPHENOLIC ACID*, STERIGMATOCYSTIN (STG), Aflatoxin B1, Aflatoxin G2, Aflatoxin G1, Aflatoxin B2, Patulin, GLIOTOXIN*, Patulin, Sterigmatocystin, Sterigmatocystin, OCHRATOXIN A (OTA), Patulin, Sterigmatocystin, DIHYDROCITRINONE*, Patulin, Sterigmatocystin, Satratoxin H, Satratoxin G, Roridin A, Roridin H, Roridin L-2, Verrucarin J. Atlas of Clinical Fungi, 2nd ed, vol. Ten of these isolates also developed ascomata and ascospores morphologically very similar to those of M. cinereus. Satratoxin H, Satratoxin G, Roridin A, Roridin H, Roridin L-2, Verrucarin J. Most clinical isolates studied were of respiratory origin (61.6%), mainly obtained from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and sputum samples, followed by superficial tissue samples (19.2%) principally isolated from the nails and skin. and Scopulariopsis spp. Disseminated, Wuyts WA, Molzahn H, Maertens J, et al. White TJ, Bruns T, Lee S, Taylor JW. Sandoval-Denis M, Sutton DA, Fothergill AW, et al. Group 2: Common Indoor Molds. (E):Arsenic is a minor constituent of soil. At concentrations above 0.5 ppm, it has a garlic-like odor. The strains were obtained from international culture collections (CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre; BCCM/IHEM Biomedical Fungi and Yeasts CollectionBelgian Coordinated Collections of Microorganisms; Leibniz Institute DSMZGerman Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures) and Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology Department (MBMD) collection of fungi (Gdask University of Technology, Gdask, Poland). Kriesel JD, Adderson EE, Gooch WM, III, Pavia AT. Based on those results, mold species were selected and grouped into those with higher concentrations in moldy homes (group 1) and those with lower concentrations (group 2). Antifungal susceptibilities of the species of the Pseudallescheria boydii complex. Moreover, Microascus/Scopulariopsis infections, and disseminated infections in particular might be clinically and histologically indistinguishable from aspergillosis, fusariosis or zygomycosis [43, 44]. (ed). Several species of Scopulariopsis have teleomorphs which are classified in the genus Microascus. However, it is toxic at concentrations much lower than this. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. The MIC was defined as the lowest concentration exhibiting 100% visual inhibition of growth for AMB, VRC, itraconazole (ITC), and posaconazole (PSC) and an 80% reduction in growth for terbinafine (TRB). Enter your information below. MBMD isolates -tubulin gene sequencing was performed, as described by Glass and Donaldson [46]. All antifungal drugs showed similar low activities. Carrillo-Muoz AJ, Giusiano G, Guarro J, Quinds G, Guardia C, del Valle O, Rodrguez V, Estivill D, Crdenes CD. (23) used the combined analysis of partial sequences of the long subunit (LSU) rRNA gene, -tubulin (TUB), and elongation factor 1- (EF1-) genes for the taxonomic circumscription of Scopulariopsis species and proposed the EF1- gene to be the most phylogenetically informative genomic region for identifying Scopulariopsis species. CBS laboratory manual series 2. The isolates were subcultured onto potato-dextrose agar (PDA) (Pronadisa, Spain), oatmeal agar (OA) (30 g of filtered oat flakes, 20 g of agar, 1 liter of distilled water), and potato-carrot agar (PCA) (20 g each of filtered potatoes and carrots, 20 g of agar, 1 liter of distilled water) up to 21 days at 25C in darkness. [citation needed]. These species are commonly found in soil, decaying wood, and various other plant and animal products. In vitro, P. spinulosum does not grow at 37 C is believed to be unlikely to cause human infection due to its inability to grow at or beyondthis temperature. 2011. Deep, respiratory tract and ear infections caused by, Patel R, Gustaferro CA, Krom RA, et al. The data considering Scopulariopsis and Microascus antifungal susceptibility are scarce and often inconsistent. [2] Scopulariopsis belongs to the group Hyphomycetes. The activities of the azoles were similar for all the species tested; VRC and PSC displayed GM values of 16.4 g/ml and 14.6 g/ml, respectively. DNA, as well as species-specific detection of S. brevicaulis in culture samples. The objectives were to determine the influence of water activity (a w, 0.997-0.92) and temperature (10-37C) and their interactions on conidial germination, mycelial growth and sporulation of two strains of Stachybotrys chartarum in vitro on a potato dextrose medium. The high rates of resistance of these fungi to practically all currently used antifungal agents, including amphotericin B (AMB) and voriconazole (VRC), which are among the most commonly used drugs for the prophylaxis and first-line treatment of systemic mold infections, is significant. Diagnosis of disseminated infections is particularly challenging since Scopulariopsis fungi are difficult to distinguish from other moulds (e.g. ISBN 978-0521186957. Chlamydospores may be present occasionally. We will not share your information outside of our distributors network and solely use it to send relevant communications. Incubate the inoculum/strain at the temperature and conditions recommended. However, do not discount low counts either, the presence of certain mold species can indicate a problem as well as they may have the potential to produce mycotoxins. Phylum: Ascomycota Large scale studies are required for determination of the entire scope of in vitro activity of various compounds against Scopulariopsis isolates of various species. Kordalewska M, Brillowska-Dbrowska A. PCR detection of, Jagielski T, Kosim K, Skra M, et al. Early, Cawcutt K, Baddour LM, Burgess M. A case of, Ragge NK, Hart JC, Easty DL, Tyers AG. 2004. are saprobes with a worldwide distribution. Preliminary molecular identification of the isolates was performed using BLAST searches for both amplified fragments. Read more about safety information about this product, Never mind, I do not need this certificate of analysis, Never mind, I do not need this certificate of origin, ATCC Medium 28: Emmons' modification of Sabouraud's agar/broth, Hawaii Department of Agriculture (HDOA), Plant Industry Division, Plant Quarantine Branch, MORE INFORMATION ABOUT PERMITS AND RESTRICTIONS, Incomplete - you did not complete your application online, Out for signature - the signature process is not complete, Under review - ATCC is currently reviewing your application. Ten isolates that morphologically resembled M. trigonosporus were grouped in the clades Scopulariopsis sp. The authors wish to express their thanks to Prof. B. Dworecka-Kaszak and I. Dbrowska, M.Sc. 2012. Any proposed commercial use is prohibited without a license from ATCC. Morphological species-level identification is difficult; the combined analysis of EF1- and D1/D2 can be useful for the identification of the most common clinically relevant species. The clinical isolates characterized in this study have been deposited in GenBank under accession numbers {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"HG380346","term_id":"545683248"}}HG380346 through {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"HG380499","term_id":"545683401"}}HG380499. 5 Information Sources 1 Synonyms 68038-92-6 Scopulariopsis chartarum PubChem 2 Names and Identifiers 2.1 Other Identifiers 2.1.1 CAS 68038-92-6 EPA Chemicals under the TSCA 3 Chemical and Physical Properties 3.1 Experimental Properties 3.1.1 Chemical Classes UVCB https://www.epa.gov/tsca-inventory EPA Chemicals under the TSCA Scopulariopsis species are sometimes encountered growing on meat in storage. The fungal holomorph: mitotic, meiotic and pleomorphic speciation in fungal systematics, A Beauveria phylogeny inferred from nuclear ITS and EF1- sequences: evidence for cryptic diversification and links to Cordyceps teleomorphs. Septate hyphae, conidiophores, annelides, and conidia are seen. 2012. jModelTest 2: more models, new heuristics and parallel computing. (a and b) Colonial features on PCA (left) and OA (right). It is a food-borne ubiquitous fungal species, frequently isolated from nuts, meat, cheese, feeds mainly corn, vegetables, pomaceous and stone fruits. (40). 2003. The study was in part financed by the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education [Iuventus Plus grant number IP12013023672] to TJ. The cycling conditions in Microascus/Scopulariopsis-specific assay included an initial denaturation for 3min at 95C followed by 40 cycles of 15s at 94C, 15s at 68C and 30s at 72C. All this underlines a need for the development of new methods that would provide simple, rapid and highly specific identification of Scopulariopsis/Microascus at both genus and species levels. No special precautions other than general laboratory precautions are required. The objective of this study was to develop simple and fast assays based on PCR and real-time PCR for specific detection of fungi from Scopulariopsis and Microascus genera, and separately, S. brevicaulis species. and Microascus spp. Citations from scientific literature and patents are provided for informational purposes only. Systematic review of nondermatophyte mold onychomycosis: diagnosis, clinical types, epidemiology, and treatment. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Moreover, analysis of DNA-based methods results is almost entirely independent from diagnostician experience, and thus, it is easy to implement them in basic laboratories. All reagents for DNA extraction were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Seelze, Germany). The microscopic features were obtained from direct wet mounts and slide cultures on PDA, OA, or PCA, mounted in lactic acid or lactophenol. The anamorphteleomorph connections have already been established for many species. A further investigation and strategic testing will still need to be performed to identify the location of the mold problem. The genus Scopulariopsis, erected by Bainier (1907), contains both hyaline and dematiaceous moulds, which propagate asexually by conidia. Gluck O, Segal N, Yariv F, Polacheck I, Puterman M, Greenberg D, Daniel B. Scopulariopsis brevicaulis infection of prosthetic valve resembling aspergilloma on histopathology, Heterothallism in the Microascaceae demonstrated by three species in the Scopulariopsis brevicaulis series. 2000. Interestingly, due to the high genetic variability of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences found in a large set of Scopulariopsis strains isolated from cheese, Ropars et al. Constant moisture is required for its growth. Concordance of the D1/D2 and EF1- gene data sets was evaluated with the partition-homogeneity test implemented with PAUP* version 4.0b10 (32). Invasive. Brillowska-Dbrowska A, Nielsen SS, Nielsen HV, Arendrup MC. [6] Bartolomeo Gosio discovered that in humid conditions, this species produces significant amounts of trimethylarsine by biomethylation of inorganic pigments used in interior wallpaper, which is then released into the air. This product is provided 'AS IS' with no representations or warranties whatsoever except as expressly set forth herein and in no event shall ATCC, its parents, subsidiaries, directors, officers, agents, employees, assigns, successors, and affiliates be liable for indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages of any kind in connection with or arising out of the customer's use of the product. Published ahead of print 11 September 2013, National Library of Medicine Only one clade, the S. candida species complex, could not be clearly resolved with the sequence data used. We are exposed to mold every day. Five D1/D2 rRNA gene and six elongation factor 1- gene (EF1-) sequences retrieved from GenBank were also included in the phylogenetic analyses. They are commonly isolated from soil, air, plant debris, paper, dung and moist indoor environments [7, 8]. Other loci, such as ITS, which is the most commonly sequenced DNA fragment for the identification of clinical molds, was difficult to amplify and too variable for phylogenetic studies in Scopulariopsis species, proposing the EF1- gene to be a more reliable phylogenetic marker (23). The lack of type isolates and thorough phylogenetic studies in the Microascaceae hampered the correct identification of these isolates. The last two panels shows the simultaneous hybridization of two (Acremonium strictum and Stachybotrys chartarum) and three species (Scopulariopsis chartarum, Stachybotrys chartarum, and . Keep up to date with our events, news, and more. Penicillium crustosum produces many volatile and non-volatile metabolites. 23) Scopulariopsis chartarum. 2011. Scopulariopsis brevicaulis is widespread in nature and is usually isolated from the ground, especially in places where cellulose decomposes. Example of Scopulariopsis/Microascus-specific PCR product analysis. Unless necessary, ATCC recommends that these cultures be stored in the vapor phase of liquid nitrogen rather than submersed in liquid nitrogen. Noteworthy, the lack of correlation between in vitro drug susceptibility (MIC determination results) and clinical outcomes has been demonstrated [39, 41]. Moreover, the D1/D2 region, the target most frequently used for species identification, exhibits a low interspecific variation in Scopulariopsis and Microascus genera [6]. Phaeohyphomycosis due to Scopulariopsis brumptii in a liver transplant recipient. 2011. The toxicity of trimethylarsine: an urban myth. Botanical Disinfectant Organic & Effective, BioShield Polymeric Coating Protects Against Mold, FDA Approval of Hydroxyls for Medical Use, Poisonous "Sanitizers" & Antibacterial Soaps, Our company has been externally verified and all communication is securely encrypted. Anatomical sources of isolates of Scopulariopsis and Microascus spp. Reverse color is usually tan with brownish center. You can also start a new application by selecting the "Start a new account application" below to establish another account with ATCC. Some symptoms may involve a white or yellow discoloration of the nail, thickening of the nail but also the separation of the nail from the toe. Deep tissue infections caused by, Clard M, Dannaoui E, Piens MA, et al. Twenty-three well-supported clades were formed, 14 of which corresponded with previously recognized species. The most common anatomic sites of isolation were the respiratory tract (61.6%), superficial tissue (19.2%), and deep tissue or fluid samples (19.2%).
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