Scopulariopsis species Several dark Scopulariopsis species are agents of disease, including Scopulariopsis asperula and S. fusca inciting onychymycosis, and S. brumptii in the lung. S. melanospora is an obsolete synonym of this species. These fungi belong to the ascomycete family Microascaceae, which also includes well known opportunistic pathogens within the genera Scedosporium and Pseudallescheria [13]. Wang XW, Han PJ, Bai FY, Luo A, Bensch K, Meijer M, B K, Han DY, Sun BD, Crous PW, Houbraken J. (b, e, and f) Scopulariopsis gracilis. In the tree, the branch lengths are proportional to phylogenetic distance. Epub 2015 May 26. A collection of 32 clinical isolates was included. In conclusion, this report expands the clinical conditions in which invasive Scopulariopsis infections occur and provides an extensive review of the diagnostic methods used to identify cases of invasive Scopulariopsis reported in the literature. 2020 Sep 29;15(9): e0239648. Several species have been reported as causative agents of onychomycosis and hyalohyphomycosis (Sandoval-Denis et al. Genomic sequencing of various DNA targets is being used with greater frequency to confirm the species identity of molds [57,58]. Only one case described the presence of a brown pigment associated with the fungal elements (Case 2). Mycopathologia. Briefly, the colonies were covered with 5 ml of distilled sterile water containing 1% Tween 20 (Sigma-Aldrich Quimica). Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! It was firstly described in 1882 as Penicillium brevicaule by Saccardo and renamed Scopulariopsis brevicaulis by Bainier in 1907 [1]. A Clinical Guide and Laboratory Manual of Dermatophytes and Other Filamentous Fungi from Skin, Hair, and Nails, Fungal prosthetic mitral valve endocarditis caused by, Report of the first case of invasive fungal sinusitis caused by, Cerebral phaeohyphomycosis caused by a dematiaceous, Ulcerous granulomatous cheilitis with lymphatic invasion caused by, Suppurative cutaneous granulomata caused by, Deep scopulariopsosis: a case report and sensitivity studies, Cutaneous granulomatous infection caused by, A fatal case of invasive fungal sinusitis by, Fatal invasive infection with fungemia due to, Revised definitions of invasive fungal disease from the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer/Invasive Fungal Infections Cooperative Group and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycoses Study Group (EORTC/MSG) Consensus Group, PCR Protocols. that can predict clinical outcome. 2012;66(3):494502. Scopulariopsis and scopulariopsis-like species from indoor environments - ScienceDirect Studies in Mycology Volume 88, September 2017, Pages 1-35 Scopulariopsis and scopulariopsis-like species from indoor environments J.H.C.Woudenberg M.Meijer J.Houbraken R.A.Samson https://doi.org/10.1016/j.simyco.2017.03.001 Get rights and content Amphotericin B, voriconazole, and terbinafine exhibited slightly better activity in vitro than flucytosine and itraconazole. [1] The widespread genus contains 22 species. All fungi produced detectable growth after 48 to 72 h of incubation. Previously, Scopulariopsis and Microascus species have not been considered as common human pathogenic fungi. It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide, This PDF is available to Subscribers Only. The skin lesions continued to spread to the extremities and torso and on Day 78 post-HSCT, the patient became hypotensive and died. It can be concluded that this hyphomycete species is multiresistant to broad-spectrum antifungal agents available today. Most members of the genusScopulariopsisare soil fungi, which are frequently isolated from food, paper and other materials. [20] In other cases, M. brevicaulis has caused death in immunocompromised patients with hematological diseases.[25]. Additionally, the references cited in these reports were reviewed to identify additional cases that did not appear in the PubMed database. The site is secure. Mycobiology. It is distributed worldwide. [8], This fungus usually occurs as a mold present in numerous different types of soil as well as various decaying types of organic matter. Front Microbiol. However, some reports have demonstrated that inoculum sizes of 1 105 to 5 105 CFU/ml generate reproducible in vitro susceptibility data for Aspergillus spp. As most moulds require the presence of an underlying nail condition to penetrate the nail, definitive diagnosis can be challenging. [13], Microascus brevicaulis has typically been associated with infections located on the skin surface of patients. This report describes a case of fatal disseminated Scopulariopsis brevicaulis disease in a patient with diffuse large B cell lymphoma who underwent high-dose chemotherapy followed by a matched unrelated donor stem cell transplant. 3). However, a study by Wildfeuer et al., using a different susceptibility testing procedure, reported lower average MICs of amphotericin B, itraconazole, ketoconazole, and voriconazole for 22 isolates: 2.59, 1.47, 0.71, and 1.7 g/ml, respectively (22). Modes, geometric means, and ranges for antifungal agents tested against 32 clinical isolates of S. brevicaulis, MIC ranges for quality control strains, P. variotii ATCC 22319 and A. fumigatus ATCC 9197. Based on recent phylogenetic studies, which resulted in multiple name changes, the aim is to molecularly identify the Scopulariopsis and scopulariopsis-like species which occur in the indoor environment and give an overview of the current species in these genera and their habitats. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. This fungus has relatively high water activity similar to Stachybotrys. 2013). They are commonly isolated from soil, air, plant debris, paper, dung and moist indoor environments [7, 8]. Unidad de Micologa, Centro Nacional de Microbiologa, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain. However, it should be emphasized that interpretative breakpoints for susceptibility testing of filamentous fungi are not available and clinical studies with this organism have not been reported. 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(2003) on phylogenetic relationships of Scopulariopsis species, we used LSU rDNA region to position the cheese strains within Scopulariopsis and we sequenced TUB and tef1 genes on a subset of closely related species for better species delimitation. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies [1][2] It is the teleomorph form of Scopulariopsis brevicaulis. Scopulariopsis is a filamentous fungus that inhabits soil, plant material, feathers, and insects. A 26-year-old male was diagnosed with diffuse large B cell lymphoma and treated initially with a standard combination of chemotherapeutic agents. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. (b, e, and f) Scopulariopsis gracilis. Certain species may be involved in human . Microbial Ecology of French Dry Fermented Sausages and Mycotoxin Risk Evaluation During Storage. the health of our communities. 2012 Aug;50(6):561-9. doi: 10.3109/13693786.2012.675629. Of these 21 patients, three had disseminated Scopulariopsis infection (Cases 9, 22, and 32) while the other 18 cases had reported localized invasive disease to the skin (7 cases), heart (6 cases), brain (2 cases), sinus (2 cases), and lung (1 case). Recent reports suggest a rise in prevalence, especially cases presenting with a dermatophyte co-infection. Under such conditions the fungus can grow rapidly, expanding as much as 4.5 - 5.5cm within one week. For five strains (15.6%), the amphotericin B MIC was 4 g/ml, and for seven isolates it was 8 g/ml. Herein we present the antifungal susceptibility results for 32 clinical isolates of S. brevicaulis. Aspergillus infection The reported cases associated with hematological malignancies are summarized in Table 1. He is a member of the Mycological Society of America. are common soil saprophytes and have been isolated from a wide variety of substrates ().They are cosmopolite organisms, and five species have been associated with human diseases: Scopulariopsis brevicaulis, Scopulariopsis brumptii, Scopulariopsis acremonium, Scopulariopsis fusca, and Scopulariopsis koningii. The greater use of sequencing will allow for clarification of the role of some Scopulariopsis species in causing invasive infection, including S. acremonium, S. brumptii and S. candida (see comments Table 2). High prevalence of mixed infections in global onychomycosis. Scopulariopsis species Several dark Scopulariopsis species are agents of disease, including Scopulariopsis asperula and S. fusca inciting onychymycosis, and S. brumptii in the lung. Current knowledge on the etiology and epidemiology of Scopulariopsis infections. No neutropenia (ANC remained above 500 cells per mm3) was present. 2016 Jun;36:1-36. doi: 10.3767/003158516X688027. The colonies were described as tan suggesting the possibility of S. brevicaulis rather than S. candida for which colonies are white. Methods used to identify proven invasive infection caused by Scopulariopsis (Microascus) species. The susceptibility testing medium was RPMI 1640 with l-glutamine buffered to pH 7 with 0.165 M morpholinepropanesulfonic acid (MOPS)-10 M NaOH (Oxoid, Madrid, Spain) and supplemented with 18 g of glucose per liter (RPMI 1640-2% glucose). [1] [2] It is the teleomorph form of Scopulariopsis brevicaulis. Migrino RQ, Hall GS, Longworth DL. Flucytosine and itraconazole were inactive in vitro, and MICs of amphotericin B, voriconazole, and terbinafine for all isolates were high, with geometric means of 13, 25.8, and 14.4 g/ml, respectively. Eighty four days after the stem cell transplant, the patient underwent a matched unrelated donor (allogeneic) hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) (Day 0 post-HSCT) and was discharged from the hospital on Day 20 post-HSCT in stable condition with an absolute neutrophil count (ANC) that was >500 cells per mm3. White-Nose Syndrome Confirmed in Italy: A Preliminary Assessment of Its Occurrence in Bat Species. Inclusion in an NLM database does not imply endorsement of, or agreement with, Onychocola sp. The anamorph has conidia that are flattened on the base and tapered at the apex, resembling a boat keel in cross-section or a pontifical mitre. (2007), de Hooget al. Epub 2022 Apr 1. eCollection 2022. 1979;38:494498. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2203556119. & Samson; Microascus melanosporus (Udagawa) Woudenb. Sistotrema- Common on wet decaying window or door joinery . Certain species may be involved in human onychomycoses or pulmonary mycoses. It seems to prefer food surfaces that are drier and where there has been prior colonization by other molds, especially Penicillium species.. Scopulariopsis is incredibly widespread in the environment, so it's very hard to keep it out of food production and aging facilities. Different moulds have been identified as causing onychomycosis based on the geographical region. The mold was identified by the in-house laboratory as Scopulariopsis species based on the powdery, pale brown colonies and production of conidia in chains from brush-like conidiophores. A multifaceted challenge, Morphologic criteria for the preliminary identification of, DNA and the classical way: identification of medically important molds in the 21st century. The criteria included histopathologic, cytopathologic, or direct microscopic examination of a specimen obtained by needle aspiration or biopsy in which hyphae or melanized yeast-like forms are seen accompanied by evidence of associated tissue damage and recovery of a mold or black yeast by culture of a specimen obtained by a sterile procedure from a normally sterile and clinically or radiologically abnormal site consistent with an infectious disease process, excluding bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, a cranial sinus cavity specimen, and urine. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. Gupta AK, Taborda VB, Taborda PR, Shemer A, Summerbell RC, Nakrieko KA. [6], Bartolomeo Gosio discovered in 1890 that under wet conditions M. brevicaulis produces significant amounts of trimethylarsine via biomethylation of inorganic pigments especially Paris green or Scheele's Green used in indoor wallpapers which is then released into the air. the contents by NLM or the National Institutes of Health. L. Sigler acknowledges grants from the Natural Sciences (#G121210359) and Engineering Council (#G121160004) of Canada. [14] It is however categorized as a dermatomycotic mold which is known to cause onychomycosis. government site. Ascomata, if produced, appear in isolates grown for longer periods, or on specialized culture media, or in mating tests; therefore isolates of Microascus species may not be recognized from immature cultures in vitro. A sequence of the case isolate has been deposited in GenBank under accession number FJ176395. DermNet does not provide an online consultation service. Visagie CM, Boekhout T, Theelen B, Dijksterhuis J, Yilmaz N, Seifert KA. Optimal treatment of these fungal infections is unknown. Microscopic morphology of Scopulariopsis brevicaulis on PDA agar after 7 days at 30C showing annellidic conidiogenous cells and rough-walled conidia in chains. The annellides were produced singly or in penicillate heads. Although microscopic analysis of tissue will not distinguish among the various mold pathogens, close observations of distinctive fungal elements especially the presence of conidia or ascomata may provide valuable information in the identification process of Scopulariopsis or other molds. General knowledge mold quiz- Try it, it's fun! on culture, with morphology most consistent with S. brumptii by microscopy (Figure 2). Scopulariopsis-like species are often reported from the indoor environment, as well as from clinical samples. all used sequences from this region to identify the species in cases of invasive Scopulariopsis infection [22,30,33]. Seven of these patients developed a disseminated disease while four patients had a localized deep tissue infection recognized (2 involving sinus and 1 each involving cutaneous and pulmonary). Food Environ Virol. Although large numbers of species are listed for both Scopulariopsis and Microascus genera in online databases such as Mycobank (www.mycobank.org) and Index Fungorum (www.indexfungorum.org), many species have not been re-evaluated with modern methods. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. Mold Inspection, Identification and Control. Published cases of invasive Scopulariopsis or Microascus infection were identified by a literature search of the PubMed database. Bongomin F, Batac CR, Richardson MD, Denning DW. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). The causative agent in this case was identified as S. brumptii. Bainier, (1907), Microascus brevicaulis is a microfungus in the Ascomycota. Jagielski T, Kosim K, Skra M, Macura AB, Bielecki J. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. Usually, these infections cause no pain and do not last very long thus resolve without treatment. 2023 Jan;40(1):7-31. doi: 10.1002/yea.3816. Non-dermatophyte mould onychomycosis (NDMO) is an opportunistic fungal nail infection (onychomycosis) caused by moulds. Abbreviations: MC, micromorphological characteristics; ND, not described; PR, present report; PMN, polymorphonuclear. Invasive Scopulariopsis brevicaulis infection in an immunocompromised patient and review of prior cases caused by Scopulariopsis and Microascus species. eCollection 2021. An official website of the United States government. FOIA Hyphomycete, conidia often shaped like light globes, basocatenate arising from annellides. Maximum likelihood tree obtained from the combined EF1- and D1/D2 sequences of representative isolates. Mitosporic fungus. This obsolete species is a synonym of S. brevicaulis, This obsolete species is a synonym of S. brumptii, This species is a synonym of S. brevicaulis. Except where an image is attributed to a third party, the images on this website are licensed by the University of Adelaide under the Creative Commons [Attribution-NonCommercial CC BY-NC] Licence.View licence Deed, Fungal Descriptions and Antifungal Susceptibility, Mould Identification: A Virtual Self Assessment. Punch biopsies of one lesion on the left gluteal area and one lesion on the left anterior chest were performed on Day 71 post-HSCT and submitted for histopathology and culture (bacterial, fungal, and viral). (2000, 2015). Dermatology Made Easybook. brevicaulis. In a case caused by M. cirrosus (Case 10), Krisher et al. Infection with Scopulariopsis brevicaulis after Cosmetic Surgery of the Face. Abbreviations: AML, acute myelogenous leukemia; CML, chronic myelogenous leukemia; MM, multiple myeloma; NHL, nonHodgkin's lymphoma; PSC, primary sclerosing cholangitis; PBC, primary biliary cirrhosis; AA, aplastic anemia; RF, rheumatic fever; CGD, chronic granulomatous disease; AS, aortic stenosis; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; IVDA intravenous drug abuse; Allo-BM, allogeneic bone marrow; Allo-HSC, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell; Auto-BM, autologous bone marrow; Auto-HSC, autologous hematopoietic stem cell; MI, myocardial infarction; CF, cystic fibrosis; PR, present report; ND, not described. National Library of Medicine Med Mycol. They are cosmopolite organisms, and five species have been associated with human diseases: Scopulariopsis brevicaulis, Scopulariopsis brumptii, Scopulariopsis acremonium, Scopulariopsis fusca, and Scopulariopsis koningii. professionals who make important decisions about the indoor environment that affect The most prevalent species was Scopulariopsis brevicaulis (49.4%), followed by Scopulariopsis gracilis (14.4%), Scopulariopsis brumptii (7.2%), Microascus cinereus (5.2%), the Scopulariopsis candida species complex (3.1%), and Microascus cirrosus (2.1%). See also laboratory tests for fungal infections and dermatological investigations and tests. The most common species reported are: Non-dermatophyte mould onychomycosis most often only affects one nail; toe nail involvement is 25 times more common than fingernail involvement. glabra is an obsolete synonym of this species. J Am Acad Dermatol. Based on recent phylogenetic studies, which resulted in multiple name changes, the aim is to molecularly identify the Scopulariopsis and . Scopulariopsis and Microascus species include both hyaline and dematiaceous mold forms and have a wide geographic distribution. Debridement or excision of necrotic tissue and antifungal chemotherapy should be the treatments of choice (18). 2000;38:395397. 1) as well as invasion of the vascular space (Fig. No correlation between phylogenetic relationship and habitat preference could be observed. 14-20) and S. paisii, are anamorphs of Microascus cinereus64 and M. cirrosus, 3 respectively. The supported branches and type strains are shown in bold type. 2022 Dec 28;13:1061520. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1061520. 2015 Aug;59(8):5040-3. doi: 10.1128/AAC.00145-15. An official website of the United States government. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. S. rufulus is a synonym of this species. The inoculum size was adjusted to a range of 1.0 106 to 5.0 106 spores/ml by microscopic enumeration with a cell counting hemocytometer (Neubauer chamber; Merck, S.A., Madrid, Spain). sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Scopulariopsis spp. Scopulariopsis spp. The ITS2 gene target was amplified using the ITS3 and ITS4 primers [41] and the resultant product sequence was aligned using the Chromas pro analysis software, version 6.5 (Oxford Molecular Group, Inc., Campbell, Calif.). -, Boriov K., eransky S., Matr P. Bioaccumulation and biovolatilization of various elements using filamentous fungus Scopulariopsis brevicaulis. Our new case is the first to describe disseminated Scopulariopsis infection in a patient with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma who underwent an allogeneic HSCT. Demographic characteristics of patients with proven invasive Scopulariopsis infection reported in the English literature.a. No bacterial or viral pathogens were detected in culture from the skin. Microascus brevicaulis Read Edit View history Microascus brevicaulis is a microfungus in the Ascomycota. A table showing recent name changes and a key to common species of Scopulariopsis and scopulariopsis-like genera found indoors is included. nov. The histopathological findings from tissue for our new case were similar to those observed with fungi such as the Aspergillus, Fusarium and Scedosporium species, i.e., the presence of hyaline branching septate hyphae. (d and f) Asci and ascospores. Yeast. Four of the more recent reports described the use of genomic sequencing methods to confirm the species identification (Cases 23, 26, 27, and 32). (a and b) Colonial features on PCA (left) and OA (right). reported the susceptibilities of five strains of S. brevicaulis (2). Very little is known about the health effects of this fungus. He was readmitted at Day 27 post HSCT with graft-versus-host disease of the skin and gastrointestinal tract. Twenty-one cases reported the presence of septate hyphal elements in tissue, while five indicated hyphae without mention of septations (Cases 17, 20, 22, 23, and 27) and three did not mention hyphae, but described the presence of other fungal elements. [9] These, in turn, range from solitary to arranged in complex broom-like clusters on fertile hyphae known as conidiophores. Bookshelf & Samson; S.caseicola Woudenb. Discovery of entomopathogenic fungi across geographical regions in southern China on pine sawyer beetle. 2022 Jul 9;10(7):1381. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms10071381. 8600 Rockville Pike Stud Mycol. Wu S, Wu J, Wang Y, Qu Y, He Y, Wang J, Cheng J, Zhang L, Cheng C. Front Plant Sci. Letters in Applied Microbiology. Scopulariopsis is a large genus comprising mainly soil species. Penicillium brevicaule is an obsolete synonym of this species. Redefining Microascus, Scopulariopsis and allied genera. & Samson; M.hollandicus Woudenb. This genus is a mould that lacks a known sexual state and thus belongs to the Fungi Imperfecti. [16] Yet another dermatological disease which may be caused by M. brevicaulis is plantar infection. Morton and Smith (1963), McGinnis (1980), Rippon (1988), Samsonet al. Conidia of S. brevicaulis are frequently present in nail samples of patients with onychomycosis and are characteristically globose with a flattened base [6]. The reverse was cream colored to brownish. All adjusted suspensions were quantified by plating on Sabouraud agar plates. terreus recombined in M. terreus, and the new genus Fuscoannellis proposed.
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