Shows the daily wages of Chilean miners between 1911 and 1924 in both pesos and the U.S. dollar. Boys younger than 12 often worked beside their fathers underground because, in many communities, it was the only paying job available. Indicates prices per kilowatt-hour by areas and cities. In West Virginia, where mineswere cut near the mountaintops, the overburden was looser and more prone to collapse than in the deeper shaft mines of the North. Shows the changes in wages of united Illinois coal miners following a labor agreement. Industries and occupations included are toilers, manufacturing, construction, mining, and more. Arthur Lewis. At suppertime, youngsters like Frank would sit with the men on a pile of slate and listen as veterans of the mine would sing songs, spin yarns, and tell jokes; they would rib the boys, trick them for laughs, and tell them tall tales of the devilish apparitions that appeared to them down in the hole. Prices are shown in Mexican pesos. Tables are broken down by occupation, sex, and state. Occupations included are limited before 1916. Typically, workers could get an advance on pay, in company-issued paper currency, called scrip, or tokens to buy goods. It also summarizes the years from 1907-1922. Engineers working for Philadelphia and Reading Coal and Iron Co. used this model to visualize the coal seams and design their mines. Shows the average weekly wages of NY factory workers every month over a 14 year period. Wages are shown in Greek drachmas. Includes breakouts for those who lived with the family and those who did not. The laborer's work is often made difficult by the water and rock which are found' in large quantities in coal veins. To view an issue of interest, select it from the list and click View. Work clothes, work shirts, dress shirts, dress pants, trousers, vests, suits, dress gloves, overcoats, winter coats, fur caps and collars, neck ties, belts and suspenders, caps and hats, nightwear, socks, shoes, boots, pocket knives, pocket watches, toupes, razors, smoking pipes. Links to government documents and primary sources listing retail prices for products and services, as well as wages for common occupations. A good blast could bring down a ton or more of coal from the fractured face. Source: Click "more" for direct links to each occupation. A mail order catalog for the Fall/Winter season, 1920-1921. Following legal tradition, companies usually placed blame and responsibility for injuries on the workers. Shows average wages alongside a cost of living index for Germany between 1929-1942. Figures expressed in both foreign currency and in dollars. Source: BLS. Broken out by men's and women's jobs. Source: BLS, Shows the retail prices of foodstuffs and other staple goods in the Mexican capital. Shows wages paid on American, Belgian, British, Danish, Dutch, French, Spanish and Swedish cargo ships, by occupations including seamen, engineers, first mates, second mates, radio operators, boatswains, firemen, coal passers, stewards, cooks, waiters, messmen, mess boys, carpenters, deck engineers, quartermasters, store keepers, donkey men, and more. Source: BLS. Wages are shown in 1930 US dollars. Shows average public employee pay for each state. 8836. Jump directly to prices for: meats and eggs, butter, cheese, milk, bread and flour, corn meal, rice, potatoes, granulated sugar, coffee and tea, onions, navy beans, prunes, raisins, canned salmon, evaporated milk, margarine, lard, oats, corn flakes, wheat cereal, macaroni, canned baked beans, canned corn, canned peas, canned tomatoes, bananas, oranges, and more. Shows typical pay in stock companies, dramas, musical comedies, vaudeville and screen, from extras to Hollywood stars. Source: BLS. Describes the labor policy of Canada in the 1920's and throughout the rest of the early 20th century. Shows salaries for sevenoccupations inpolice departments of 25American cities. Cottage and bungalow home designs with illustrations and floor plans in the "Wardway homes" catalog. It provided a $1.20-a- day wage increase effective Jan, and an increase of 80 cents a day beginning April 1, 1959. Shows salaries for teachers ofkindergarten, elementary school, junior high, high school, vocational school, college, and normal schools (teacher training academies). Shows the income of each member of a Zurich household and the amount that household spent on various necessities like food, clothing, rent, etc. Chart shows median wages of women employed in Philadelphia households as chambermaids, cleaners, cooks, waitresses, laundress, seamstress, and children's nurses (nannies.) Literary giants have thoughts on the new edits to Roald Dahl's works. Fearful of the danger, frightened by the blackest darkness he could imagine, and repelled by the coal dust that clung to him like a layer of skin, Washington vowed to get an education and rise out of the coal pits, just as he had risen up from slavery.. Shows average wages by industry in both rubles and US currency. One task was to test for the build-up of flammable methane gas. Source: Historical chart shows salaries of members of the U.S. Congress, along with dates of enactment and statutory authority for each pay increase. 45-57. After they loaded coal from the fallen pillars, the colliers and their helpers pushed their cars out into the main entry as fast as possible before sections of the roof collapsed. Source: U.S. Department of Commerce. Priced by the single unit. HEALTH CARE Source: Shows the average hourly wages for various occupation both in and outside of Paris. Photographer + writer. Conversely, a dollar earned in 1928 had the same buying power as abut $15 in the year 2020. In 1984 there were 174 deep coal mines in the UK by 1994 - the year the industry was finally privatized - there were just 15 left. Source: U.S. BLS. Source: Monthly price list for Ralph's Grocery Company, which sold only in the Los Angeles area. how much did coal miners get paid in the 1950s. Shows by county the price of undeveloped land, plow land and farm land. The miners called this unpaid labor company work.. The region's first coal miners primarily were African Americans, both enslaved and free. During the early 1900s, roof falls in the bituminous coal mines killed an average of 886 workers every year, as compared with the 274 deaths per year caused by explosions and fires. Scroll forward and back to see the various cities for which average food prices are available. By the 1940s, the United Mine Workers union had established better wages and somewhat safer conditions for miners, though a contentious relationship between workers and bosses persisted. Fixtures, chamberpots, bathroom soaps, towels, toilet paper. Coal mining jobs - Hours and earnings, 1919-1933; Coal mining wages by state, 1923 Source: Miners' wages and the cost of coal: an inquiry into the wages system., pp. Lengthy article reports how much educators earned in Illinois' high schools in 1920-1921. The lawmakers apparently agreed with West Virginias Republican governor, G. W. Atkinson, who said in 1901: It is but the natural course of mining events that men should be injured and killed by accidents.. The strike was officially called to a halt on March the 3rd 1985. This mammoth work lists typical earnings as well as job descriptions and working conditions for thousands of occupations just before the Great Depression. Manufacturing wages -- SEE box further below. Source: Shows the daily or monthly wages of 13 occupations in the treaty port. In some cases, when a shot backfired out of the hole, it ignited coal dust or gas in the miners room and sent fire bursting into the main tunnel, where it could burn or suffocate the mules and their drivers passing through. Source: BLS, Shows the average daily wages of manual work occupations in Barcelona, Spain. Source: BLS, Shows the average wages for an 8 hour work day in Riga within various industry groups. Immigrants in southern West Virginia comprised some 25 nationalities, including Italians, Hungarians, Poles, Austrians and Russians. Wages are shown in both Hungarian gold crowns and contemporary U.S. dollars. 162-207. Coal miners homemade prosthetic leg, about 1950. The miners world was dark and dangerous. PRICES in FOREIGN COUNTRIES, WAGES -- GENERAL SOURCES (all occupations and worker types), WAGES in AIRPLANE and AIRCRAFT MANUFACTURING, 1920s. Shows monthly wages based on the ocean routes traveled: San Francisco to points west, and New York City to points south and east. For example, a dollar earned in 2020 had the same buying power as 7 in 1928. Frank Keeney wanted to be a first-class tonnage man because he needed to support his widowed mother and two sisters, along with his new wife, a fair teenager named Bessie Meadows, an Eskdale girl who wanted to become a schoolteacher. Coal industry labor strikes were common from the turn of the century up through the 1930s, as were catastrophic workplace injuries and the prevalence of black lung disease. Describes the labor policy of South Africa in the 1920's and throughout the rest of the early 20th century. Source: BLS Monthly Labor Review, Dec 1920 From. This earlier catastrophe outraged Mother Jones, who spoke of it often on her organizing campaign that year, and it had triggered public pressure to improve the states mine safety laws. Government Documents Department, Ellis Library Tomorrow night at 9pm PBSs American Experience will broadcast The Mine Wars, based on the book. Data was originally published in the Industrial Bulletin of the State Department of Labor. Compares average retail prices for grocery items in independent stores and in chain stores. Survey covered only white families over a certain. Beds and mattresses, bedroom furniture, pillows, bedding. Source: BLS, Shows the daily wages of workers in the glass factories of northern France. Wages are shown in Japanese yen. Email: concannonm@missouri.edu Study showed how much a family of five would need to live in Washington DC in 1920. Prices are shown in Japanese yen. From, Earnings forveterinarians with governmentjobs, in scientific labs, in sales, or working as. Farm laborers in Missouri earned an average $41.90/month in 1921. Covers more than 1,200 cities. 285, Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, No. Retail prices for brick, cement, lumber of various kinds, window glass, shingles, nails and more. The regions first coal miners primarily were African Americans, both enslaved and free. Tells cost of public transportation and railway fares as well. Average earnings by occupation and districts. Source: BLS, Shows the cost of various foodstuffs in the Riga markets. The struggle between workers and managers in the workplace played out vividly in the Pennsylvania coal mines. Tables are broken down by type of job, gender of employee, and geography. Most trapper boys learned how to overcome their fears by watching and listening to the colliers who went underground with them. Shows wages and hours for union bricklayers, building laborers, carpenters, cement finishers,hod carriers, inside wiremen, painters, plasterers, plumbers, stonecutters and more. Describes the labor policy of Great Britain in the 1920's and throughout the rest of the early 20th century. $32k - $76k. For easier browsing, the information is. Heed no operators tale! Source: BLS. Kanawha County coal seams were relatively thick, so men could often stand or just bend slightly, but some coal cutters had to work bent over all day in low coal. After sorting out the slate fragments and loading the car, the miner attached his brass check to the side of the car and pushed it out into the main tunnel, where mules or a small locomotive pulled the load out of the mine to the weigh station and then to the tipple, where the coal would be prepared and funneled into railroad cars. After the Civil War, industrialization meant a nearly limitless demand for anthracite and bituminous coal, and hundreds of thousands of new jobs spurred a population boom in the region, which stretches from western New York state to Alabama. Owners claimed property rights and managerial entitlements over the workplace. The wage data is broken out by sex. 90%. About half of the surveyed penal institutions gave prisoners some compensation, based on its use as incentive toward good work and better behavior, and to provide the convict with a small way to provide for his family. Between 12th and 14th Streets Source: BLS. Wages are shown in Brazilian milreis. Shows wages by occupation grouped by industries, with breakouts for males and females. View object record Miner's hat, about 1930 Source: Very simple table shows average hours and earnings for all production workers in manufacturing for each year from 1919-1960. Shows the hourly, daily, and biannual earnings of different occupations in the Missouri coal industry between 1890-1922. COST OF LIVING Coal operators often provided services like company stores. Source: Chicago Commission on Race Relations report. Source: Shows the earnings per hour and week for sawmill workers over a 20 year period. Wages are shown in Japanese yen. Shows average annual expenditure for food, rent, clothing, and medical care per family member. Source: 1930 Census of Agriculture. Report published in 1923 gives wages for Arkansas women by occupation and race. Before the days of electric cars, many boys served as mule drivers. Compares average retail prices for "warehoused" name brand grocery items at independent and chain stores in Cincinnati. Each table spans 2 book pages, and row labels only show on even-numbered pages. Includes the states of RI, NJ, OH, DE, OK, MO, GA, TN, AR, KY, SC, AL and MS. Shows average wages (with and without board) by province. Shows salaries for officers, managers, clerks, operators, etc. Wages are shown in 1931 US dollars. Shows the changes in wages of united Illinois coal miners following a labor agreement. For example, the 1920 volume gives rates in Ohio and Minnesota, Illinois and Indiana, and more. Source: BLS. Source: U.S. BLS Bulletin, No. Lists single-unit prices for barbital, benzoyl peroxide, benzocaine, aspirin, quinoline, and more, showing proprietary and coined drug names. Coal mining is a dangerous job requiring skill and judgment. This source lists actual salaries paid to administrators in various lines of business. A standard tune in miners lore began with lyric, Youve been docked and docked again, boys / Youve been loading two for one, and asked what the miner had to show for working so hard. Using a thin iron needle about the thickness of a pencil, he shoved a cartridge of black powder into the hole and pushed a little clay into the hole with a damper; then he carefullywithdrew the needle and inserted a wick of waxed paper, a squib, that would burn down to the black powder. Source: BLS. Full chapter extends from pp. As the men removed one pillar after another, the wooden posts used to support the mine top would be strained as the roof started getting heavy. The wood would then creak and groan and then splinter as the miners heard the roof working above their heads and planned their retreat accordingly. Source:Federal Reserve Bank of Saint Louis. Source: the Historian of the U.S. Source: BLS Bulletin no. His salary was paid entirely by coal companies. Calvin & Hobbes creator Bill Watterson is back. The legislature rejected all proposals for reform, however. Chain store prices for a pack of Lucky Strike, Chesterfield, Camel, Old Gold or Piedmont. Expressed in dollars and also as a percentage of the property value. Shows data on the number of nursing school graduates from 1880 to 1929 as well as salary information. Table 25 shows additional breakouts for skilled and white collar workers by region (. In 1927, "$30 per month was taken as the average minimum expenditure for rent in Boston for the [working class] family of four living on the American standard.". Even the most skilled miners could not detect the presence of kettle bottoms, the petrified remains of huge ancient tree trunks that could plunge through the roofs and crush workers. April 26, 1942. When young Frank Keeney walked through a mine portal in 1892, perhaps an older miner, maybe a neighbor, offered him some words of consolation or, at least, instruction as they traveled in and outof the mine on what was known as a man trip. Or he might have heard some words of warning from the older boys who led the mules and coal cars back and forth through the door he tended. of Agriculture report. "The fees and cost of books, instruments, board, room, laundry and incidentals will hardly be less than $400 per session of thirty-two weeks." Source: One-page table shows 80 years of average retail prices for bread, milk, eggs and other common food items. Issues of Telephone engineer & management detail rates for telephone service in many states. Occupations wages shown in 1930 US dollars. Source: BLS Monthly Labor Review (June 1931), Shows the average hours and daily wages of various workers in quarries, sawmills, and many other industries throughout Virginia. Source: You may download a pdf version of the 1928, Hotel rates are shown in the advertisements in. Wages are listed in Mexican currency with exchange rate for calculating amounts in U.S. dollars. The union was very important to miners. Nothing was the answer, nothing but the miserable life he and his family endured living inrented shanties hard on the railroad tracks. Compares 1927 and 1913 earnings. The study pays particular attention to women who made less than the average wage. One-page table shows average charges for residential electricity each year from 1924-1934, for cities over 50,000 in population. Source: Shows wages, hours and earnings for mechanics, pipe fitters, welders, tinsmiths derrick men, drillers, firemen, engineers and more. Infant's: A trapper like Frank had to pay close attention to his duties, opening and closing the doors regularly to keep the air moving and to allow coal cars to pass back and forth. 412. Lists ticket prices in NYC, Boston, Philadelphia, Cleveland and eight more cities in NY, PA, OH and MA. Covers occupations in the building trades, metal trades, printing trades, coal mining and more. Source: Women's Bureau Bulletin #25. This bibliography lists reports that show income, budgets, consumer expenditures, etc. In the late 1800s mining was rough physical labor. Between 1880 and 1920, southern West Virginias population grew from 93,000 to 446,000, due almost entirely to the coal industry. Provides detailed breakouts by occupation. After a temporary escape to attend grammar school, it was the world he reentered in 1900 as an eighteen-year-old man willing and able to load coal for a miners pay. Another statute required employers to hire pit bosses to examine every working place in the mine, but only as often as practicable. A third rule required the managers to water the coal dust, but only when they detected a dangerous level of gas. Shows the average daily wages of workers in various industries in Riga as well as other parts of Latvia. Religious organizations -Salaries, 1929in. School and office supplies: Coal companies also recruited in Europe. Bonus. Shows firemen salaries for 25 American cities including New York City, Chicago, New Orleans, Indianapolis, Buffalo, Boston, Detroit, Cleveland, St. Louis, Kansas City and more. Shows brand names. A paid subscription is required for full access. Gasoline cost an average21.7 per gallon in 1929. Shows breakouts for automobile manufacture, cigar making, boots/shoe making, men's clothing, iron/steel and more. Source: For each college, this table shows tuition for residents and non-residents by course of study. Source: BLS, Shows the average price of foodstuffs and other common goods in the federal district of Mexico. Source: Compares 1922 to1940 wage rates for a variety of RR jobs, pp. Tells cost of public transportation and railway fares as well. Arranged by occupation and then by city and year. The 1920 Montgomery Ward mail order catalog showed the price of. Shows the average weekly hours and hourly wages for workers in the boot and shoe industry. Most of their houses had images of union president John L. Lewis, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, and Jesus. (Jack Corn/EPA) A ppalachian coal production has been on shaky ground almost since the industry's inception in the mid 19th century. These were the underground attitudes Frank Keeney absorbed as he entered manhood as a coal miner. Shows family expenditures by category. Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, No. Table shows average cost to rent houses by the number of rooms in each of 25 New Zealand cities and towns. Boys labored inside, sorting coal by size and removing rock. Shows expenditures by category with prices per article and amounts needed annually for a family of five. Bedroom: Shows pay for those involved in "1st class New York City productions" including actors of various levels (from chorus to leads) as well as directors, designers, scene painters, stage hands, etc. Source: page 13 in. Source: Federal Power Commission. 365-372. Source: Lists prices of typical food items, housing expenses, clothing, fuel, light and more. Source: Shows the weekly wages of various occupations in Vienna. 7-8 in: Extensive, 219-page report published in the Bureau of Labor StatisticsBulletin no. During the first three decades of the 20th century, African Americans comprised about 25 percent of all southern West Virginia miners. Link navigates to a record containing multiple years worth of this publication. Besides know-how, the miners depended upon instinct and luck. Source: BLS. At the far end of the room, the miner lay down on his side and cut under the bottom of the coal face with his pick, inching his way into the cut and hoping the coal was hard enough not to collapse on him. Prices are shown in Spanish pesetas. Source: Bulletin #269 of the North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station, "Farm Family Living Among White Owner and Tenant Operators in Wake County," pages 24-28. Appalachian coal production has been on shaky ground almost since the industrys inception in the mid 19th century. Shows the "living wage" per week for different metropolitan areas of Australia. Boys frequently were assigned the most-dangerous jobs. Report published in 1925 mainly covers wages in manufacturing industries. After undercutting the face, the collier turned the crank on a five-and-a-half-foot-long breast auger and pushed with all his weight to bore a hole high on the face. Source: The cost of living among wage-earners, Cincinnati OH, pp. Source: Source: Canada Department of Labor report. Source: BLS, Shows the retail prices of foodstuffs and other necessities throughout different areas of Denmark such as Copenhagen. Wages shown in 1930 US dollars. In the words of the popular song Miners Lifeguard, written by a miner from Oak Hill, West Virginia: A miners life is like a sailors, TRANSPORTATION Shows average value per acre for all real estate with buildings, and the value of land alone, by county, for six states: MA, CT, RI , ME, VT and NH. The pit closures the miners had fought so hard to prevent began in earnest. Source: BLS. As a novice, Keeney learned the colliers trade from older craftsmenthe skills of cutting the face, setting the charges, and loading the coal without wrenching his back or crippling himself. Its an era of company town labor we are not likely to see return as automation and renewable energy continue to render these kinds of occupations obsolete. Prices shown in marks. In the 1920s decade, 8% to 12%of peopleaged18-21enrolled incollege. Frank Keeney left no account of how he felt the day he entered the mine portal, but one imagines the dread that might have accompanied a ten-year-old boys first trip into the hole. Wages are shown in Danish ore. Use "search in this text" feature to navigate (or contact us for assistance). Source: AAUP report. By 1850, approximately half of Kanawha Countys slaves worked in the salt industrymany mined coal to fuel the furnaces. In the late 1800s mining was rough physical labor. Wages are shown in Czech krone. Mentions the wages paid to both skilled and unskilled workers in francs. Shows the average weekly wages for a variety of occupations and industries in New Zealand. Fascinating book that shows various imported items (such as kid gloves, bloomers, silk nightgown, men's pipe, electric flatiron, glass lamp, etc.) Covers elementary, junior high, and high school teachers in American cities with populations of 2,500 or more. The lack of market for coal during the depression had stepped in to push aside both miners and operators as principals in collective bargaining. Safety sign in eight languages, about 1910. Data gathered by the National Industrial Conference Board using foreign government sources. After the Civil War, industrialization meant a nearly limitless demand for anthracite and bituminous coal, and hundreds of thousands of new jobs . Source: This table provides average yearly wages per industry or trade type, including transportation, education and agriculture, among others. Source: "Income of Lawyers, 1929-1948" in the August 1949 issue of. Wages are shown in shillings. Wages are shown in yen. Lists annual pay for individuals occupying administrative and supervisory positions in the executive and judicial branches. Children's: The deal, brokered by. Shows salaries at the state, county and city levels. A strong, skilled coal loader might fill five or more cars in a day. Prices are shown in contemporary US dollars. In some cases, when word came around that a miner had been scolded or punished by a boss, workers would gather on a pile of slate to talk about the incident, and the bolder ones with a manly bearing toward the boss would speak up for their fellow worker. Shows data for 12 cities located in NY, OH, PA and MA, including NYC, Boston, Philadelphia and more. Source: Shows the average hourly wage of a variety of jobs both in and outside of Paris. If a man died in a mine, they quit work to honor him and to take up a collection for his surviving wife and children. Includes a table showing. It may be necessary to read the chapters pertaining to the country, but you can find the actual minimum wages in the discussion. Next came preparations for extracting the coal. Source: U.S. BLS Bulletin, no. Includes wage data for Chicago as well. University of Missouri, Columbia Typical compensation for directors, camera men, editors and more in, Shows typical earnings for reporters, feature writers, sports editors and others, in. Prices are shown in German marks. Report published in 1927 includes extensive wage data for women in Tennessee by race, industry, education, and more, circa 1925. Details the price of clothing for men, women, boys and girls on pp. Since money wage rates of foreign countries have little meaning for economists in America, only the real wage rates are given.", Shows the average hourly and weekly wages of various occupations for both skilled and unskilled laborers. First, the men had topush an empty coal car up wooden rails that they had installed on their own time. His pictures also reflect a variegated experience in Appalachia, countering stereotypes by depicting middle-class miners, racial diversity, and community pride. MERCHANDISE Discussion puts wage data in context with price levels which were definitely affected by the wars. Source: Describes the labor policy of Australia in the 1920's and throughout the rest of the early 20th century. Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, No. Lists wages paid to auto mechanics, office workers, window cleaners, barbers and hairdressers, bartenders in saloons, domestic servants, people working in social agencies, and more. Miners waiting to start their shift at the Virginia-Pochahontas Coal Company mine near Richland, Virginia, in 1974.
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