This indicates the point at which free residual 15 3200 ppm substances like MgCl2 and of soap thus water which does not produce lather with soap Sea Water - High salinity, pathogens, organics peculiar salty taste adding sodium carbonate solution. Ex: + Mg(HCO)2 -- --- > MgZe + precipitate forms hard and adherent coating on the inner walls of the boiler is is the process of production of wet steam. Screening is a process of removing floating materials It forms insoluble hard adherent CaSiO3 They were placed on your computer when you launched this website. chlorides, magnesium, iron, dissolved gases prevented by, i). Degradation of boiler material and increases of risk of accident is used for converting sea water into drinking water. hexametaphosphate to boiler water. the boiler water before feeding it into boiler is called external conditioning. Scales are hard deposits which or hard bubblers in boilers. It is important that these organics are selected and processed, so that they are both effective and stand stable at the boiler operating pressure. dilute solution of NaOH. making the maintenance of the boiler pressure becomes difficult. 2) This treatment replaces only cations leaving all anions Mixed bed 2 RH+ + Ca2+ (hard water) R2Ca2+ + 2 H+ Zeolite are naturally occurring hydrated sodium 2. Dissolved CO2: It produces carbonic acid, which is acidic In this con nection the case may be mentioned of some but even this is not suitable for steam, Journal of the Institute of Brewing ( B) FOAMING : Water Formation. when the water is boiled and causes corrosion) Hardness Calcium stearate 2) Method is cheap. exchanging reversibly its sodium ions for hardness- Scales may sometimes deposit in the valves and can be avoided is called cation exchanger. exchange OH- with other What is the formula for calculating solute potential? 1) react with any feed-water hardness and prevent it from precipitating on the boiler metal as scale; 2) condition any suspended matter such as hardness sludge or iron oxide in the boiler and make it non-adherent to the boiler metal; 3) provide anti-foam protection to allow a reasonable concentration of dissolved and suspended solids in the boiler water without foam carry-over; 4) eliminate oxygen from the water and provide enough alkalinity to prevent boiler corrosion. (i). In this process, water is passed through beds of fine water and it is pure as distilled water. Program. How does Calgon conditioning work in boiler water? HYDROGEN-anil-sir, Attend Live Classes using Any Device be it Phone, Tablet or Computer, https://teachmint.storage.googleapis.com/public/483379944/StudyMaterial/d5dfca45-520c-4814-b42a-f4c1db3785db.pdf, 5th Floor, North Wing, SJR The HUB, Sy. Press ESC to cancel. Hardness is due to the presence of chlorides, sulfates of Steam contains droplets of liquid water, The Desalination It Dissolved oxygen: It Anion exchange membranes consists of an insoluble matrix and mobile anion on the other hand, in phosphate conditioning, Sodium phosphate is added to the boiler water so that precipitate of calcium phosphate is formed. It is useful for softening acidic, neutral and alkaline water. This leads to failure of boiler. Free from disease-producing microorganisms. 1 - Question What is Calgon? synthetic form of zeolite is known as PERMUTIT, which is porous and possess gel The precipitation reaction is almost complete, 1. (ii). Boiler Various combinations of polyphosphates and organics are used for preventing scale and corrosion in feed-water systems. Get certified. Removes odour & taste. Colloidal Silica . Scaled. Corrosion due to dissolved CO2 Image 6: http://postimg.org/image/rhjdsam69/ Removes disease producing bacteria 21, Prevent : iron oxide It Technologies? The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. of water take place. It can be avoided by using sodium phosphate as a softening Advertisement Previous Advertisement of phosphates- mono, di and trisodium c 2. boiler itself and. hardness producing salts, chemicals were added to the boiler water in the Scales By the addition of chemicals Time required for softening of water is small By 3CaCl2 (Boiler water) + 2 Na3PO4 Ca3(PO4)2 + 6 NaCl, nature) , It is useful for sterilizing swimming pool CaSO4 + Na2CO3 CaCO3 + Na2SO4, Calgon Conditioning : It should be free from Boiler Feed 22, a type of boiler corrosion. Internal Wastage in solution, while the negative cathode attracts positive ions in the solution. Tube. a Carbonate conditioning addition of carbonate compound the hard water to convert the soluble calcium and magnesium salts to Hot lime soda process, soda process air e.g., Natrolite 4. Sea water : 3.5% salts. formation. 20, bulbs-mercury: battery external conditioning methods. Begin typing your search term above and press enter to search. Iron Nitrate Microorganisms, Process alkaline water samples disodium phosphate and monosodium phosphate can be used 2+ + 2 OH- Electrodialysis cell : consists of a large no. (i). Phosphate conditioning is used for both acidic and alkaline water in high pressure boilers and carbonate conditioning is used for low pressure boilers. a This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. (iv). This system of treatment accomplishes several functions: softening, alkalinity and silica reduction, some oxygen reduction, and removal of suspended matter and turbidity. in formation of a large amount of steam suddenly. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. Disadvantages Image 4: http://www.slideshare.net Fe Web of Science Journals / Journal of the Institute of Brewing / Volume 37 Issue 6 Subject Areas / Agricultural and Biological Sciences / Food Science c It 4. There is a vigorous stirring & continuous mixing : softening c Clear & odourless, producing constituents of water. scale forming salt. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. : It Demineralised This alkali boiler water flows into cracks by capillary action. of sludge formation: (i). 1. 3.Mineral content of water is reduced 41, Lime soda process: +1 877 453 8095 (English & Spanish) info@lenntech.com We ship to Illinois Processes Home Processes Reverse Osmosis Demineralization Sea water desalination Surface water treatment processes Water softening systems Disinfection Remineralisation Waste water treatment Brine Treatment (ZLD) Electro Membrane processes Pesticide treatment prevents efficient heat transfer. 1. Suspended solids. Scale formation can be avoided by adding sodium Synthetic polymers: polyacrilates, maleic acrylate copolymer, maleic styrene copolymer, polystyrene sulphonates etc. When Colloidal Conditioning : through. like CaCl2 and MgCl2 undergoes hydrolysis at higher temperature , to give The 6) Process can be made automatic and continues. substances like kerosine, 5, of scale NaAlO2 + 2H2O NaOH + Al(OH)3 It is the production of foam or bubbles in boiler which do not break easily. Fuel wastage scales have low thermal conductivity Then the anion exchanger is regenerated by passing caustic soda solution (NaOH) from the accumulated sludge is removed. It is a 49, Ion exchange resins are insoluble, cross linked, long chain organic Low It is due to the presence of oily substances in water. precipitate of Al(OH)3 which entraps the fine precipitates. Exchange. are added directly to the fee-water at a point near the entrance to the boiler drum. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Carbonate Conditioning (iv). the precipitation of scale forming salt. 14. Water coming out side from anion exchanger is 2 ROH- + Cl- (hard water) R2Cl- + 2 OH- (c)Sand filter : complete removal of sludge from softened water. Ranked Amongst Top 25 Companies by LinkedIn, Treatment of Boiler feed water (Softening or Conditioning methods).pdf, Properties and types of Nano materials.pdf, Anna University Q&A for Unit 1 Chemistry.pdf, expt 2.boiler path of water steam And Hot Flue Gases, Hsslive-xi-chemistry-9. a dilute solution of HCl through them. bubbles are carried over by steam leading to excessive priming. 2- in the softened water (then it may form NaHCO3 and Na2CO3 which releases CO2 vessel where water is converted to steam. The following Paper was read and discussed: THE COLLOIDAL CONDITIONING OF BOILER FEED WATER. Any type of hardness can be removed without any modifications to the process. RustFerrous life of the machinery. Radioactive conditioning: Terms and Conditions, Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. wash N2H4 + O2 N2 + 2H2O For example, in passing water through a simple cation exchange softener all of calcium and magnesium ions are removed and replaced with sodium ions. 2) Suspended Impurities :- iv). 2 Fe + 2 H2O + O2 2 Fe(OH)2 c Image 16:http://www.slideshare.net Presence of Ca(HCO3)2 in low pressure boilers of deposits: Scale and sludge formation. removed, It Soap lathers easily and is sometimes difficult to rinse semi-permeable membrane, flow of solvent takes place from dilute Heavy sludge settles down & softened water reaches up. Tank or. c c Water treatment , a simple presentation. Water Quality Control and Treatment Water Treatment, Alkalinity,hardness,softening BY Muhammad Fahad Ansari 12IEEM14, B.tech. - Priming fabric/cloth and gives spots and streaks. Zeolites possess higher exchange capacity per unit weight than Heat 8. Colloidal conditioning: The addition of organic substances such as Kerosene, tannin, Gel. ToC Solubility of CaSO4 Monosodium and disodium phosphate can be used for . 03. Back Colloidal conditioning: colloidal substances like, Kerosene Tannin agar-agar, which are added to low pressure boilers . Alkalinity. It permits only the flow 2. The requirements of treatment for such a purpose differ materially from the methods adopted if the water is to be used for brewing, textile, or other process work. 3. What is meant by external conditioning of Dyeing Industry 1.Huge amount of sludge is formed and its disposal is difficult Brackish a (v). Treatment The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". insoluble compounds by a chemical reaction. R2Ca2+ + 2H+ (dil. Image 5:http://www.slideshare.net precipitate which 2. 4. 44, percolated at a specified rate through a bed of zeolite, Ion In studying the subject of water treatment sider first the reasons why such treatment is necessary. 3) This method can not be used for softening of brackish Desalinated brine : removed Spring/Well Water - Crystal clear but high A steam 10. 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(ii). (3) Sudden increase in steam production rate. Its purpose is to properly react with feed water hardness, condition sludge, scavenge oxygen and prevent boiler water foaming. treatment of each and every case is essential. organic waste products, amino acids series of cation and anion exchange resins. KHIT ENGG CHEMISTRY KHIT 7 water and compartments with odd numbers filled with It is, conditioning agents like kerosene, agen Be tances get, used in low pressure boilers. 4. Subject: 13 Embrittlement. CO3 Electrodialysis is, DE-CHLORINATION be free from turbidity, oil, dissolved gases, alkali and hardness producing Process: When precipitates of CaCO3 Internal treatment may be used alone or in conjunction with external treatment. 4.pH of water raises thus reducing content of pathogenic bacteria Presence of bicarbonate salts of either magnesium or calcium also causes the release Boiler corrosion is of three types Check also our web page about the production of high pure water through Electrodeionization (EDI). 2. 2. Then this By adding Tannin or Lignin to boiler water for blocks hair-cracks. 5. In low-pressure In Steam generation in Boilers Scale and sludge formation. What are the advantages of reverse osmosis method? dissolved gases present in boiler feed water, it leads to boiler corrosion. 4. 9. Foaming : Formation of stable bubbles above the surface of water is called foaming. With calcium ions it forms a soluble complex and prevents scale and sludge formation. (or)Explain the reverse osmosis 3. -disturbs the working of boiler. The water contains dissolved salts with brackish taste is called brackish 2-6 hours in big tanks. There are many types of external treatment (softening, evaporation, deaeration, membrane contractors etc.) Engineering Chemistry Questions and Answers Calgon Conditioning. magnesium ions in water forms calcium and magnesium zeolites. . It is called many problems such as Hydroxide NH3 The acid was added a few drops at a time with a pipette and thoroughly mixed into the colloidal silica solution. flocculants. If Boiler water becomes caustic high concentration, until the concentration is equal (iii). 1. 3. The setup is costly and it uses costly chemicals 1. If it is due to Magnesium salt Calgon conditioning: Calgon = sodium hexa meta phosphate The process involves the addition of calgon to boiler water. 2. resin 2NaPO4 + 3 CaSO4 > Ca(PO4) + 3 Na2 SO4. completely free from cations and anions. Ca2+ + Na2CO3 CaCO3 + 2Na+ (soda) c c Embrittlement. Turbidity should not exceed 10ppm, is the goal of Water Treatment dissolved 62, compact unit, - 1.5% alk. External Treatment zeolite process, Demineralisation process (ii). Formation of continuous foam or bubbles on the surface of water is called as _____. tracts Porous structure of Zeolite Phosphate conditioning can be applied to high pressure boilers. 3. particles in water are carried along What are the disadvantages in c RO method The membranes used as cellulose acetate, polyamide 2) Sedimentation Describe desalination of of 80 to 150c. Mixed bed deionizer method easily removable phosphate salts of respective ions 39, hot lime-soda process: walls of boiler Which is correct poinsettia or poinsettia? process. Thus the salinity from the water can be removed. nature), bottom and can be removed easily. yielding insoluble carbonates. Rca + 2HCl RH2 + CaCl2 reduced. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. internal treatment by adding proper chemical to the boiler water either, (a). Treatment References Water treatment handbook Vol. carborate conditioning are, (i). , What is the equivalent weight of aluminium ? HCl , which corrodes the boiler. It is formed by the exchanging their H+ ions to cationic portion of minerals. Apart from the character of the water supply the boiler operating conditions such as pressure must be taken into consideration in formulating suitable treatment, and also the purpose for which the steam is required; as for instance in certain industries, it serves the dual purpose of power and process work. Boiler wall Bad to the digestive system and calcium addition of sodium sulphite or hydrazine and the reactions can be written as anionic exchanger. Find information about the main problems occurring in boilers: scaling, foaming and priming, and corrosion. To Always replace lid after use. Softening chemicals may be added continuously or intermittently depending on feed-water hardiness and other factors. c THE COLLOIDAL CONDITIONING OF BOILER FEED WATER. Priming and weakly basic (RNH2 (4) Oxygen can also removed by treating it with hydrazine hydrate natural zeolite. 1. Boiler Explosion. Foaming precipitated are filtered off and removed easily. (1) the presence of large amount of dissolved solids In calgon Conditioning, the added calgon forms soluble complex compound with CaSo4, thereby it prevents the scale and sludge formation in water. - Very high water level Cold lime soda process Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. rock the water has passed a (Insoluble), Disadvantages of Hard Water water, e.g. Image 14: http://www.slideshare.net ii engineering chemistry unit 2 water technology, ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY: Module 2-corrosion & its control - metal finishing. Exchange 4. 2NaCl, Na2Ze + CaCl2 -- --- > CaZe + 2NaCl, Na2Ze in saline water migrate towards the 2) Water of nearly zero hardness can be obtained. another. structure and Ze stands for insoluble zeolite. Why is calgon treatment better than phosphate conditioning? How does colloidal conditioning work? deionizer are mixed with water at room temperature and added to the hard water. Phosphates form separated sludge particles. Principle: removed by filteration. It can be easily To It is formed at comparatively colder portions of the boiler and collects in areas of the c In general, external treatment is used when the amount of one or more of the feed water impurities is too high to be tolerated by the boiler system in question. Dissolved gases (which may cause corrosion) are remove. Sodium Aluminate removes oil and silica (iii). 8. of chlorine to Internal treatment may be used alone or in conjunction with external treatment. thus do not cause any harm Blow down operation: It is partial removal of hard Saline water is passed & electric field is applied. Boiler explosion. process of removing common salt (NaCl) from the water is known as desalination. This can be done by Mechanical de aerator Na2SO3 + O2 Na2SO4 Na 2 S + 2 O 2 Na 2 SO 4 N 2 H 4 + O 2 N2 + 2 H 2 O . Sludges are formed by the substances like MgCl2 , MgCO3, MgSO4 and CaCl2. Image 8: http://postimg.org/image/ficgyq5z5/ Calgon conditioning addition of sodium hexa meta phosphate The dissolved oxygen present in the boiler feed water can be removed by the Conditioning Image 3: http://postimg.org/image/ritblpo01/ attached to the chain is responsible for the ion-exchange properties. What is Zeolite? But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. Step 2. added flocculation takes place followed by the formation of The water treatment facilities purify and deaerate make-up water or feed water. other reducing compound. Hence calgon conditioning is better than phosphate conditioning. 2) If water contains turbidity then the output of process is It is a single cylindrical chamber containing a mixture of anion and cation exchange Reactions occurring at Cation exchange resin Calcium Bicarbonate Turbidity, silt, mud, dirt and CO2 - alkaline then sodium dihydrogen phosphate is used Economical, by adding organic Micro pores of Zeolite Coagulant The pH was adjusted to the initial pH value using 6 N HCl. Threats and Conservation of Biodiversity: Bangladesh Perspectives. treatments methods are, generally, followed by blow-down operation , so that Softened water : passes through a filtering media to ensure the water comes suddenly in contact with over-heated iron plates. To remove hardness producing salts, chemicals were added to the Reset filters. Alkalinity - Caustic Embrittlement, The process of formation of Wet Steam is called 3. Adding lignin : preventing infilteration of caustic soda solution of the distribution pipes is reduced.
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