The Guidance takes effect as of January 20, 2015, applying to activities and data going forward in 2015. For data provided by building management, weight data was multiplied by WRI US square-foot occupancy ratio. 2. From 2020 and 2021, due to the global pandemic and office closure, an estimate based on 2020 data and 25% office occupancy was used for US office. (Guidance document of the new Purchased Electricity Heat and Steam Tool). Purchased electricity is electricity to be consumed that is purchased or otherwise brought into the organizational boundary of the company. For example, WRIs food and events policy requires all purchased food to be plant-based, which produces significantly lower emissions than does meat. Cold-water laundry detergents, fuel-saving tires, energy-efficient ball bearings, emissions-saving data centers. bEPA = Environmental Protection Agency (US). These tools were developed in partnership with industry experts and represent best practice quantification methodologies. NOTE: The activities referred to are different from the services normally offered by the parent organization to third parties (i.e., building maintenance or electricity) - which should always be included in the inventory. kg CO 2 emitted per liter of fuel consumed, kg CH 4 emitted per kilometer traveled, etc.) Activity data is a quantitative measure of a level of activity (e.g. 2. Such factors are calculated by the International Energy Agency and can be found in the EFs Electricity Intl All Fuels worksheet of the Purchased Electricity, Heat and Steam Tool. However, using the USEEIO model reflects only average emissions associated with prepared food purchases, which include impacts from meat. For more reading on the concept of additionality in scope 2, see Chapter 11 (How Companies Can Drive Electricity Supply Changes with the Market-Based Method). Examples to demonstrate each calculation method. Corporations are increasingly claiming that their goods and services reduce emissions. These disclosures are consistent with the reporting requirements of the GHG Protocol Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard, Revised Edition(2004) and the GHG Protocol Corporate Value Chain (Scope 3) Accounting and Reporting Standard (2011). Contractual instruments recognized in the market-based method include more than green power purchases. Other staff had more complicated multimodal trips each day, such as a drive to a transit hub. If a company is using the equity share or financial control approach to establish its organizational boundary, then leased assets would fall within a companys organizational boundary if they are considered wholly owned assets in financial accounting and are recorded as such on the balance sheet. Source: WRI. From 2019 to current year, WRI's endowment investment management company provides an asset allocation breakdown. They may however, be hard to measure accurately given the large number of variables, e.g., which legs of the trip to include, the average distance per trip, the number of vehicles per day, the number of passengers per vehicle, the type of vehicles driven, etc. Data quality: per PCAF standards, scores are applied to calculations based on emissions factors and methods used. WRI does not lease assets to other entities. This means disclosing the instruments on the market-based method hierarchy. Whats its value and purpose? For WRI US, annual weight totals (kg) of landfill and recycling collected are reported from the vendor and prorated to WRIs occupancy ratio of the building. This category includes indirect upstream emissions related to the production of fuels and energy purchased and consumed in the reporting year, which are not included in Scope 1 or Scope 2. It is not possible to know how much waste ends up at each facility; thus, we assumed the average methane recovery rate for the United States when determining emissions from the disposal of this residual waste. The basic formula is: Figure 1. To approximate the total number of days per year that employees commute, holidays, paid time-off, and employee estimates of telework days, alternative work schedules, and business travel are used to extrapolate weekly commute pattern data collected via the survey to the rest of the year. The term market-based method is new, but the concept was originally referenced in the Corporate Standard. In Canada, the Canadian GHG Challenge Registry (www.ghgregistries.ca) publishes provincial grid emission factors. In primary mode-based surveys, they would likely report the transit use since the drive may be relatively short. JavaScript appears to be disabled on this computer. This data is prorated for WRI allocation by occupancy ratio. 4. These included: The guidance for each category of scope 3 emissions can be downloaded separately. Historically, emissions from end-of-life treatment of WRIs sold products (printed publications) accounted for <0.05 percent of WRIs total inventory; therefore, Category 12 is excluded because of challenges associated with data collection. The market-based method identifies a hierarchy of different types of contractual instruments from which emission factors can be derived. It was therefore inappropriate for the GHG Protocol to set a one size fits all materiality threshold. emissions per dollar spent). Read more about this in Chapter 2 (Business Goals), Chapter 4 (Scope 2 Accounting Methods) and Chapter 9 (Goal Setting.). 2011), US Environmental Protection Agencys Environmentally Extended Input-Output (USEEIO) model, Carnegie Mellon Environmental Input-Output Lifecycle Assessment (EIO-LCA) model, US EPA Environmentally Extended Input-Output Model (2017), DEFRA Government emission conversion factors for greenhouse gas company reporting, WTT-fuels (2012), DEFRA Government emission conversion factors for greenhouse gas company reporting, WTT-fuels (2013), DEFRA Government emission conversion factors for greenhouse gas company reporting, WTT-fuels (2014), DEFRA Government emission conversion factors for greenhouse gas company reporting, WTT-fuels (2015), DEFRA Government emission conversion factors for greenhouse gas company reporting, WTT-fuels (2016), DEFRA Government emission conversion factors for greenhouse gas company reporting, WTT-fuels (2017), DEFRA Government emission conversion factors for greenhouse gas company reporting, WTT-fuels (2018), DEFRA Government emission conversion factors for greenhouse gas company reporting, WTT-fuels (2019), DEFRA Government emission conversion factors for greenhouse gas company reporting, WTT-fuels (2020), DEFRA Government emission conversion factors for greenhouse gas company reporting, WTT-UK & overseas elec (2010), DEFRA Government emission conversion factors for greenhouse gas company reporting, WTT-UK & overseas elec (2011), DEFRA Government emission conversion factors for greenhouse gas company reporting, WTT-UK & overseas elec (2012), DEFRA Government emission conversion factors for greenhouse gas company reporting, WTT-UK & overseas elec (2013), DEFRA Government emission conversion factors for greenhouse gas company reporting, WTT-UK & overseas elec (2014), DEFRA Government emission conversion factors for greenhouse gas company reporting, WTT-UK & overseas elec (2015), DEFRA Government emission conversion factors for greenhouse gas company reporting, WTT-UK & overseas elec (2016), DEFRA Government emission conversion factors for greenhouse gas company reporting, WTT-UK & overseas elec (2017), DEFRA Government emission conversion factors for greenhouse gas company reporting, WTT-UK & overseas elec (2018), DEFRA Government emission conversion factors for greenhouse gas company reporting, WTT-UK & overseas elec (2019), DEFRA Government emission conversion factors for greenhouse gas company reporting, WTT-UK & overseas elec (2020), DEFRA Government emission conversion factors for greenhouse gas company reporting, WTT-UK & overseas elec (2021), DEFRA Government emission conversion factors for greenhouse gas company reporting, Transmission and distribution (2010), DEFRA Government emission conversion factors for greenhouse gas company reporting, Transmission and distribution (2011), DEFRA Government emission conversion factors for greenhouse gas company reporting, Transmission and distribution (2012), DEFRA Government emission conversion factors for greenhouse gas company reporting, Transmission and distribution (2013), DEFRA Government emission conversion factors for greenhouse gas company reporting, Transmission and distribution (2014), DEFRA Government emission conversion factors for greenhouse gas company reporting, Transmission and distribution (2015), DEFRA Government emission conversion factors for greenhouse gas company reporting, Transmission and distribution (2016), DEFRA Government emission conversion factors for greenhouse gas company reporting, Transmission and distribution (2017), Technical Guidance for Calculating Scope 3 Emissions (version 1.0) (2013), DEFRA Government emission conversion factors for greenhouse gas company reporting, Business travel-air (2012), DEFRA Government emission conversion factors for greenhouse gas company reporting, Business travel-air (2013), DEFRA Government emission conversion factors for greenhouse gas company reporting, Business travel-air (2014), DEFRA Government emission conversion factors for greenhouse gas company reporting, Business travel-air (2015), DEFRA Government emission conversion factors for greenhouse gas company reporting, Business travel-air (2016), DEFRA Government emission conversion factors for greenhouse gas company reporting, Business travel-air (2017), DEFRA Government emission conversion factors for greenhouse gas company reporting, Business travel-air (2018), DEFRA Government emission conversion factors for greenhouse gas company reporting, Business travel-air (2019), EPAs Simplified GHG Emissions Calculator (2022), DEFRA Government emission conversion factors for greenhouse gas company reporting, Business travel-air (2020), DEFRA Government emission conversion factors for greenhouse gas company reporting, Business travel-air (2021), DEFRA Government emission conversion factors for greenhouse gas company reporting, Business travel-air (2022), GHG Emissions Factors Hub (Updated May 2018), Government emission conversion factors for greenhouse gas company reporting, Business travel- land (2014), Government emission conversion factors for greenhouse gas company reporting, Business travel- land (2018), Fiscal Years 2010 (October 1, 2009 to September 30, 2010) to 2019 (October 1, 2020 to September 30, 2021). 3, Many Companies Inaccurately Estimate the Climate Benefits of Their Products, GHG Protocol Standards and Guidance Update Process, The Partnership for Carbon Accounting Financials, Estimating and Reporting Avoided Emissions, GPC Supplemental Guidance for Forests and Trees, Product Life Cycle Standard Online Course, Global Covenant of Mayors Online Training, Click to Download ( Scope 3 Calculation Guidance, 2.04 MB ). For example, there are offices that appear in WRI transactions as vendors, and as such, their purchased goods and services cannot be parsed out from the amounts spent on operational costs. and future generations. English Deutsch Franais Espaol Portugus Italiano Romn Nederlands Latina Dansk Svenska Norsk Magyar Bahasa Indonesia Trke Suomi Latvian Lithuanian esk . The key tenants of the Guidance are summarized by a video, the Executive Summary, and a PowerPoint slide deck. The market-based method identifies a hierarchy of different types of contractual instruments from which emission factors can be derived. All material offices within WRIs global network are considered part of the organizational boundary and are asked to report Scopes 1 and 2 emissions and participate in Scope 3 emissions data collection. In most cases, these factors are simply averages of all available data of acceptable quality, and are generally assumed to be representative of long-term averages for all facilities in the source category (i.e., a population average). Staff count includes any staff employed by WRI at any point within each reporting year and have the following designations: Scope 1 emissions from WRIs international offices are only available for certain years from 2014 onward. Thank you for your interest inthe Greenhouse Gas Protocol and SBTi Forest, Land and Agriculture webinar. However, the disadvantage of this approach is that it would then be difficult for stakeholders to compare the Scope 2 and/or Scope 3 of different companies if one company uses an emission factor that comes from a life cycle analysis. What emissions factors do the GHG Protocol calculation tools use? For more on reporting key features, see Chapter 8 (Recommended Reporting.) emissions from fossil fuel consumption was converting from units . In the updated GHG Protocol Scope 2 Guidance, Scope 2 is defined as "an indirect emission category that includes GHG emissions from the generation of purchased or acquired electricity, steam, heat, or cooling consumed by the reporting company". Figure 1 depicts various approaches to emission estimation, in a hierarchy of requirements and levels of sophistication, that one should consider when analyzing the tradeoffs between cost of the To estimate emissions, diesel consumption data are multiplied by regional-average well-to-tank emission factors for diesel fuel. In cases where WRI office space is within a building with multiple tenants and organizations, the electricity purchase data for the entire building is multiplied by WRIs square-foot occupancy ratio to determine the portion of electricity consumed by WRI. Other office data are reported on a voluntary basis until consistent corporate travel becomes available. Section 1: Introduction Indirect emissions are those that result from an organization's activities, but are actually emitted from sources owned by other entities. No. Why is this important? For recycling and composting, WARM often attributes negative or avoided emissions. Electricity bill data is prorated for the square footage of occupancy for WRI offices spaces and also include a portion of common spaces as defined by lease agreements. GHG calculations of WRIs endowment portfolio use fund- level and securities-level data for its assets and public equity investments for 2019 onward. Top Ten Questions about the Scope 2 Guidance, Seeking Participation in the Beta Test of a New GHGP Cross-Sector Corporate Calculation Tool, Webinar: Greenhouse Gas Protocol and Science-based Targets for Forest, Land and Agriculture (FLAG) | Mar. 6.6 Match emission factors to each unit of electricity consumption 49 6.7 Calculate emissions 49 6.8 Roll up GHG emissions data to corporate level 52 6.9 Optional: Calculate any avoided emissions and report separately 52 6.10 53Location-based emission factors 6.11 54Market-based emission factors data 6.12 57Treatment of biofuel emissions Include the ID number for each unit and a description of the unit. As noted above, a materiality threshold of 80% was used and the calculated emissions scaled up for the remaining 20% of activity data. WRIs international offices have different levels of inclusion in WRIs central accounting tools. bEMBARQ was founded in 2002 and is now part of WRI Ross Center for Sustainable Cities. An official website of the United States government. The major sources of lead emissions have historically been from fuels in cars and trucks and industrial sources. If offices provide only the model name and/or the model information is unavailable on the internet, specifications of similar models in brand and size are used for calculations. Notes: aDEFRA did not publish well-to-tank conversion factors for 2010 or 2011, so 2012 conversion factors were used. - INTA. aEPA WARM = Environmental Protection Agency Waste Reduction Model. Table 6.3 from the Scope 2 Guidance describes the hierarchy of emission factors to be used for Scope 2 market-based emission calculations - note residual mix is the second-to-last option in the table: Where the Numbers Come From There are two sets of emission factors in the library: the AIB set and the Green-e set. By contrast, the market-based method is designed to highlight supply choices, including low-or zero carbon supply. As a result of regulatory efforts to remove lead from gasoline, emissions of lead from the transportation sector dramatically declined by 95% between 1980 and 1999, and levels of lead in the air decreased by 94% between 1980 and 1999. Scope 2 guidance requires dual reporting, following emission factor hierarchies. Despite including offices based on the organizational boundary, refrigeration data can be limited or unavailable for certain offices. 10. For a company that purchases its electricity from a T&D system, but does not own any part of the system, T&D losses should not be included in a Scope 2 inventory. Total distance commuted annually per mode of travel for each WRI office, including telework impacts. Notes: aDEFRA = Department for Environment, Food, and Rural Affairs (UK). - Improve EVIC data, used for market cap and GHG allocation in Method A (above). Inventories covering 2014 do not need to conform to the new Guidance as they reflect activity and data from before the Guidance was issued. Search all of the site's content. Business travel data is collected from WRIs corporate travel agency on amonthly basis for all of WRI US and China staff air and rail travel, as well as a significant portion of WRI Africa and Europe travel. The results can be used as normalization factors (NFs) in the context of the life cycle assessment (LCA). For large companies who have a direct supply and transmission contract with a specific electricity supplier, the best place to look would be the electricity supplier itself. However, if emissions data is available and there is a compelling reason to include them in the inventory (relatively large source of emissions, use them to influence third party activities), they may be reported under Scope 3. Currently, scope 3 is included but not separated in WRI calculations. Emissions Factors FAQ Data sets Emissions factors. They may be included in a Scope 3 inventory labeled generation of electricity that is consumed in a T&D system. No, Scope 2 emissions include only the indirect emissions connected with the consumption of purchased electricity. To avoid creating a misleading offset in emissions totals, all recycling weights were considered to have no impact instead of negative or avoided emissions. 2022: Employees will be surveyed for both pattern-based commute and work-from-home emissions, under a fully re-opened office status and flexible work policy. If an organization determines that emissions from fire suppression equipment may be significant, it is recommended that one of the other methods then be 7. They would likely be able to provide an emission factor based on the specific fuel type and transmission technology used. Emissions from leased facilities and vehicles (leased assets) may be classified as Scope 1, Scope 2, or Scope 3, depending on the source of emissions, which approach a company uses to establish its organizational boundary, and which type of leasing arrangement is in place. The assignment process involves some subjectivity. EPA released a draft review for public comment on April 24, 2007. CDP updates its questionnaire every September, and has been incorporating key components of the Guidance over the last few years as it was being developed. Please review our methodology and approach for each emission source to learn about WRIs inventory data limitations. WRI does not report emissions from any operational financial accounts, staff retirement accounts, or operating reserve funds. It is the first major revision to the Corporate Standard in over 11 years. Tables presenting supply chain and margin emission factors and data quality scores for US commodities and industries calculated from USEEIO models at two levels of commodity/industry categorization, detail and summary, for both industries and commodity, and annually from 2010-2016. kg CO, Global warming potential (GWP) is a factor describing the radiative forcing impact (degree of harm to the atmosphere) of one unit of a given GHG, relative to one unit of CO. RECs purchased for WRI by its building management were allocated using the ratio of WRIs total space occupancy to total leasable space in the two Washington, DC buildings operated by WRIs building management, multiplied by the total MWh of RECs purchased for the buildings. To calculate emissions, activity (waste weight) data are multiplied by waste-type (e.g. These factors are usually expressed as the weight of pollutant divided by a unit weight, volume, distance, or duration of the activity emitting the pollutant (e.g., kilograms of particulate emitted per megagram of coal burned). Yes. Companies also have to indicate that the Scope 2 Quality Criteria have been met for the instruments used in the calculation. 139 15/09/2021. These resources contain information developed by the U.S. EPA or by outside parties which have undergone limited EPA and external review and are felt to be potentially useful, but which are not contained in AP 42. It provides information not contained in the Scope 3 Standard, such as: The guidance can help companies understand the full climate change impact of their business throughout its value chain and develop more effective GHG reduction strategies. The Guidance maintains policy-neutrality by not trying to distinguish which types of impact are best. For 2019-onwards, any offices that do not have electricity bill or submeter data apply estimated electricity calculations, which are based on using available regional averages of commercial office space electricity use. The following guidelines for T&D emission losses should be followed to help avoid double counting. The GHG Protocol was designed to help companies meet multiple reporting objectives. The calculation tools are available on the GHG Protocol website and are meant to complement the Protocol and make calculations easier, but their use is not mandatory. Annually, facilities must report emissions of all the criteria air pollutants listed above and greenhouse gases.
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