Conditional requests using If-Modified-Since and If-Unmodified-Since use this value to change the behavior of the request. However, some of these headers are intended to be used with HTML responses, and as such may provide little or no security benefits on an API that does not return HTML. The example disables features with an empty allowlist for a number of permitted. This provides REST applications a self-documenting nature making it easier for developers to interact with a REST service without prior knowledge. Variant - a weakness Identifies the original host requested that a client used to connect to your proxy or load balancer. Often. Catch critical bugs; ship more secure software, more quickly. As of CWE 4.9, over 400 CWE entries can lead to a loss of confidentiality. It is often called the web server banner and is ignored by most people with the exception of malicious ones. Unset this header to avoid exposing potential vulnerabilities. intrinsic size of an image). Expose management endpoints via different HTTP ports or hosts preferably on a different NIC and restricted subnet. Content-Security-Policy: frame-ancestors 'none' To protect against drag-and-drop WebAs browsers have different default behavior for caching HTTPS content, pages containing sensitive information should include a cache-control header to ensure that the contents are not cached. How to avoid exposing banner information? General warning information about possible problems. Specifies the form of encoding used to safely transfer the resource to the user. Many servers are configured by default to expose web server banner information. After intercepting the response it can be observed that response header is showing information disclosure. In the following Java example, user-controlled data is added to the HTTP headers and returned to the client. Provides a mechanism to allow web applications to isolate their origins. I have removed all the HTTP-HEADERS out of the IIS configuration for the website (X-Powered-By or some such header). The end of the header section denoted by an empty field header. Consider the use of mutually authenticated client-side certificates to provide additional protection for highly privileged web services. Defines the authentication method that should be used to access a resource. Non-public REST services must perform access control at each API endpoint. It is a Structured Header whose value is a token with possible values audio, audioworklet, document, embed, empty, font, image, manifest, object, paintworklet, report, script, serviceworker, sharedworker, style, track, video, worker, and xslt. The following program changes its behavior based on a debug flag. Free, lightweight web application security scanning for CI/CD. Solution The severity of the error can range widely, depending on the context in which the product The header is a simplistic method of helping the user-agent identify whether. A REST API resource is identified by a URI, usually a HTTP URL. For example, passwords, credit card numbers, health records, personal information and business secrets require extra protection, particularly if that data falls under privacy laws, e.g. A number that indicates the layout viewport width in CSS pixels. Lists the set of HTTP request methods supported by a resource. Avoid exposing management endpoints via Internet. Stateful APIs do not adhere to the REST architectural style. Although some of this information will be of limited use, it can potentially be a starting point for exposing an additional attack surface, which may contain other interesting vulnerabilities. Specifies the methods allowed when accessing the resource in response to a preflight request. This is used to transmit data only when the cache is out of date. The relevant RFC document for the Upgrade header field is RFC 9110, section 7.8. Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Sent Data, Generation of Error Message Containing Sensitive Information, Exposure of Sensitive Information Due to Incompatible Policies, Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Debugging Code, Exposure of Private Personal Information to an Unauthorized Actor, Exposure of Sensitive System Information to an Unauthorized Control Sphere, Insertion of Sensitive Information into Externally-Accessible File or Directory, Exposure of Sensitive System Information Due to Uncleared Debug Information, Debug Messages Revealing Unnecessary Information, Cloneable Class Containing Sensitive Information, Serializable Class Containing Sensitive Data, Sensitive Information Uncleared Before Debug/Power State Transition, Insertion of Sensitive Information into Log File, Weaknesses Originally Used by NVD from 2008 to 2016, OWASP Top Ten 2007 Category A6 - Information Leakage and Improper Error Handling, Weaknesses for Simplified Mapping of Published Vulnerabilities, Weaknesses in the 2019 CWE Top 25 Most Dangerous Software Errors, Weaknesses in the 2021 CWE Top 25 Most Dangerous Software Weaknesses, OWASP Top Ten 2021 Category A01:2021 - Broken Access Control, Weaknesses in the 2020 CWE Top 25 Most Dangerous Software Weaknesses, Comprehensive Categorization: Sensitive Information Exposure, https://www.veracode.com/blog/2010/12/mobile-app-top-10-list, https://cwe.mitre.org/top25/archive/2022/2022_cwe_top25_supplemental.html#problematicMappingDetails, Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency, Homeland Security Systems Engineering and Development Institute, Information Leak (information disclosure), Information Leakage and Improper Error Handling, IP (DF) 'Don't Fragment Bit' Echoing Probe, ICMP Error Message Echoing Integrity Probe, Session Credential Falsification through Prediction, Identify Shared Files/Directories on System. Fix CVE-2018-1664 as it pertains to the AMP interface returning login credentials. Typically, this information includes sensitive personal information (PII) data such as health records, credentials, personal data, and credit cards, which often require protection as defined by laws or regulations such as the EU GDPR or local privacy laws. Web* Disable caching for response that contain sensitive data. Controls how long a persistent connection should stay open. Node.js applications are prone to all kinds of web application vulnerabilities. Takes the same value as the meta element with http-equiv="refresh". The severity of the error can range widely, depending on the context in which the product operates, the type of sensitive information that is revealed, and the benefits it may provide to an attacker. https://example.com/controller/123/action?apiKey=a53f435643de32 because API Key is into the URL. print "Login Failed - incorrect password"; "Login Failed - incorrect username or password". CWE-200 and its lower-level descendants are intended to cover the mistakes that occur in behaviors that explicitly manage, store, transfer, or cleanse sensitive information. A relying party must verify the integrity of the JWT based on its own configuration or hard-coded logic. The enterprise-enabled dynamic web vulnerability scanner. The code writes sensitive debug information to the client browser if the "debugEnabled" flag is set to true . Simply using HTTPS does not resolve this vulnerability. Whitespace before the value is ignored. While there may be good reasons for building a stateful API, it is important to realize that managing sessions is complex and difficult to do securely. Typically, Sensitive Information includes records of agency financial transactions and regulatory actions. Information disclosure vulnerabilities can arise in countless different ways, but these can broadly be categorized as follows: Information disclosure vulnerabilities can have both a direct and indirect impact depending on the purpose of the website and, therefore, what information an attacker is able to obtain. The knowledge that you are able to gather could even provide the missing piece of the puzzle when trying to construct complex, high-severity attacks. WebA banner grab is performed by sending an HTTP request to the web server and examining its response header. multi-factor. User agent is running on a mobile device or, more generally, prefers a "mobile" user experience. Specifies origins that are allowed to see values of attributes retrieved via features of the Resource Timing API, which would otherwise be reported as zero due to cross-origin restrictions. Level up your hacking and earn more bug bounties. WebDon't rely only on the Origin header for Access Control checks. Configure the web server such that sensitive response Implementation-specific header that may have various effects anywhere along the request-response chain. This creates the following rewrite: