", "Fishery and Aquaculture Country Profiles Italy", "Glavni plan i strategija razvoja turizma Republike Hrvatske", "International tourism in the coastal regions of five Mediterranean countries", "Barcolana, the largest regatta in the world is presented in London", "Intervju: Naelnik opine Neum dr. ivko Matuko za BH. [111] The Lastovo nature park was established in 2006, and it includes 44 islands and islets, 53 square kilometres (20sqmi) of land and 143 square kilometres (55sqmi) of sea surface. Croatia took over the area with an agreement that allowed Montenegrin presence in the bay's Croatian waters, and the dispute has become far less contentious since Montenegro's independence in 2006. [111] In addition, there is a Ramsar wetland reserve in Croatiathe Neretva river's delta. The prevailing currents flow counterclockwise from the Strait of Otranto, along the eastern coast and back to the strait along the western (Italian) coast. [204] The Congress of Vienna also created the Kingdom of LombardyVenetia which encompassed the city of Venice, the surrounding coast and a substantial hinterland, and was controlled by Austria. Just about everywhere on the coast of the Salento Peninsula, you'll find great beaches, clear down to Santa Maria di Leuca, on the very tip. [131] The kocjan Inlet Nature Reserve was established in 1998 and covers 122 hectares (300 acres). [14] Transversely, the Adriatic Sea is also asymmetric: the Apennine peninsular coast is relatively smooth with very few islands and the Mount Conero and Gargano promontories as the only significant protrusions into the sea; in contrast, the Balkan peninsular coast is rugged with numerous islands, especially in Croatia. But this 80km stretch is less milky dewdrop than eye-popping opal; the malachite greens of the looming mountains and the intense blues of the . The Adriatic Sea (/ e d r i t k /) is a body of water separating the Italian Peninsula from the Balkan Peninsula.The Adriatic is the northernmost arm of the Mediterranean Sea, extending from the Strait of Otranto (where it connects to the Ionian Sea) to the northwest and the Po Valley.The countries with coasts on the Adriatic are Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Italy . The Adriatic extends northwest from 40 to 4547' north, representing the Mediterranean's northernmost portion. Following Italian unification, the Kingdom of Italy started an eastward expansion that lasted until the 20th century. [17], The Alps, which also have a large meteorological impact on the Mediterranean, touch the Adriatic in the area around Trieste towards Duino and Barcola. It's an area of Italy that often gets overlooked in favour of the colourful Cinque Terre, the Almafi Coast, and the ancient cities of Rome, Venice, and Milan. Venice, which was originally built on islands off the coast, is most at risk due to subsidence, but the threat is present in the Po delta as well. [111] In addition, Albania is home to two Ramsar wetland reserves: Karavasta Lagoon, and Butrint. The Kingdom of Italy expanded in 1866: it annexed Venetia,[207] but its navy was defeated in the Adriatic near Vis. Situated in the southernmost part of Italy and bordered by the Tyrrhenian and Ionian Seas, Calabria is renowned for its striking coastline, rugged mountains, and picturesque national parks. [109] There are 45 known subspecies endemic to the Adriatic's coasts and islands. The Most Beautiful Coastal Towns in Italy La dolce vita, indeed. [98] Recent studies revealed that cetaceans and other marine megafaunas, that were once thought to be vagrants to Adriatic Sea, migrate and live in the semi-closed sea on larger scales. In the Eocene and early Oligocene, the plate moved north and north-east, contributing to the Alpine orogeny (along with the African and Eurasian Plates' movements) via the tectonic uplift of the Dinarides and Alps. [252], The largest volume of fish harvesting was in Italy, where the total production volume in 2007 stood at 465,637 tonnes (458,283 long tons). The territory was turned back over to France after the Peace of Pressburg in 1805 when the territory in the Po valley became an integral part of the new Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy. Jillian Dara is a freelance journalist and fact-checker. The very large schools consisted mainly of little tunny and moved as far as the Gulf of Trieste. The Adriatic contains more than 1,300 islands, mostly located along the Croatian part of its eastern coast. [107], Tuna has been caught by the locals in the upper Adriatic for thousands of years. However, concern has been raised regarding the frequency of its use - while only necessary a few days a year, the worst-case sea level rise scenario between 2050 and 2100 would prompt deployment up to 187 days a year, essentially cutting off the Venetian Lagoon from the Adriatic Sea. The causes are a decrease in sedimentation rate due to loss of sediment behind dams, the deliberate excavation of sand for industrial purposes, agricultural use of water, and removal of ground water.[64][65]. This arrangement was made permanent in the 1975 Treaty of Osimo. Oil spills are a major concern in terms of potential environmental impact and damage to tourism and fisheries. Of course, the most visited place on Italy's east coast is the city of Venice, one of Italy's top cities and most romantic places. D. [4] Mare Superum on the other hand normally encompassed both the modern Adriatic Sea and the sea off the Apennine peninsula's southern coast, as far as the Strait of Sicily. The benchmark was subsequently retained by Austria, adopted by Yugoslavia, and retained by the states that emerged after its dissolution. At Bardonecchia, in the west, the average temperature is 45.3 F (7.4 C), and the average annual rainfall is 26 inches (660 mm); at Cortina d . Geophysical and geological information indicate that the Adriatic Sea and the Po Valley are associated with a tectonic microplateidentified as the Apulian or Adriatic Platethat separated from the African Plate during the Mesozoic era. Fact checked by Jillian Dara TripSavvy Italy is a Mediterranean country located in southern Europe. [14] Around thirty species of fish are found in only one or two countries bordering the Adriatic Sea. [123] The Mljet national park was established in 1960, covering a 24-square-kilometre (9.3sqmi) marine protection area. The Greeks soon expanded further north establishing several cities, including Ancona, Black Corcyra, Epidaurus, Issa, with trade established as far north as the Po River delta, where the emporion (trading station) of Adria was founded. [72], An active 200-kilometre (120mi) fault has been identified to the northwest of Dubrovnik, adding to the Dalmatian islands as the Eurasian Plate slides over the Adriatic microplate. [93][94], The Adriatic Sea is a unique water body in respect of its overall biogeochemical physiognomy. Trani is one of the prettiest towns in this part of the Adriatic coast. [240] In addition, the maritime boundary between Albania and Montenegro was not defined before the 1990s. [122] The Bay of Mali Ston is located at the border of Croatia and BosniaHerzegovina, north of the Peljeac peninsula. [9] The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) defines the boundary between the Adriatic and the Ionian seas as a line running from the Butrinto River's mouth (latitude 3944'N) in Albania to the Karagol Cape in Corfu, through this island to the Kephali Cape (these two capes are in latitude 3945'N), and on to the Santa Maria di Leuca Cape (latitude 3948'N). Recent studies have suggested that the city is no longer sinking,[66][67] but a state of alert remains in place. [73] In the Northern Adriatic, the coast of the Gulf of Trieste and western Istria is gradually subsiding, having sunk about 1.5 metres (4ft 11in) in the past two thousand years. All types of sediment are found in the Adriatic, with the bulk of the material transported by the Po and other rivers on the western coast. For other uses, see, *Beds in all collective accommodation facilities; includes "Hotel beds" figure also shown separately. The countries with coasts on the Adriatic are Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Italy, Montenegro, and Slovenia. The islands of Cres and the adjacent Loinj are separated only by a narrow navigable canal dug in the time of classical antiquity;[24] the original single island was known to the Greeks as Apsyrtides. [255] In 2007, the fisheries production in BosniaHerzegovina reached volume of 9,625 tonnes (9,473 long tons) and 2,463 tonnes (2,424 long tons) in Slovenia. [254], In 2007, Albanian fisheries production amounted to 7,505 tonnes (7,386 long tons),[245] including aquaculture production, which reached 1,970 tonnes (1,940 long tons) in 2006. The rest of the territory was made a part of the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia, which in turn was also in the Transleithanian part of the dual monarchy. [55] The Adriatic's salinity variation over the year is likewise distinct:[52] it ranges between 38 and 39PSUs. [45] In terms of the annual total discharge into the entire Mediterranean Sea, the Po is ranked second, followed by the Neretva and Drin, which rank as third and fourth. [174], The last part of the period saw the rise of the Carolingian Empire and then the Frankish Kingdom of Italy, which controlled the Adriatic Sea's western coast,[175] while Byzantine Dalmatia on the east coast gradually shrunk into Dalmatian city-states following the Avar and Croatian invasions starting in the 7th century. The last produces significant temperature variations between the sea and the hinterland, which leads to the creation of local jets. In the Late Oligocene, the motion was reversed and the Apennine Mountains' orogeny took place. Cradled by the sea, Ravenna enjoys some of the most exquisite beaches in Italy. [201] The Adriatic Sea was a minor theatre in the Napoleonic Wars; the Adriatic campaign of 18071814 involved the British Royal Navy contesting the Adriatic's control by the combined navies of France, Italy and the Kingdom of Naples. In total, more than 3.5million people live on the Adriatic coasts. As observed on Italy's physical map, mainland Italy extends southward into the Mediterranean Sea as a large boot-shaped peninsula. [97], The unique nature of the Adriatic gives rise to an abundance of endemic flora and fauna. [206], The process of Italian unification culminated in the Second Italian War of Independence, resulting in the Kingdom of Sardinia annexing all territories along the western Adriatic coast south of Venetia in 1860, and the 1861 establishment of the Kingdom of Italy in its place. Implemented for the first time on October 3, 2020,[69] the barriers are made to seal off three inlets that lead to the Venetian Lagoon and counteract floods of up to ten feet; in addition to protecting the city from flooding, the barrier system is also intended to stabilize Venice's water levels so as to minimize erosion of the brick walls and, subsequently, the foundations of various buildings in the city. It has 1300 islands, 7,000 native plants - many of them threatened - and its waters are reasonably warm all year round. The plate's movement contributed to the formation of the surrounding mountain chains and Apennine tectonic uplift after its collision with the Eurasian plate. Trani's cathedral, in a beautiful setting on the harbor near the castle, is one of the best examples of a Romanesque church in Puglia, with fantastic carvings on the exterior and beautiful floor mosaics in the crypt. [22] The number includes islands, islets, and rocks of all sizes, including ones emerging at ebb tide only. In 568 AD the Lombards invaded northern Italy, and over the course of the next century or so the importance of the Exarchate declined as the territory under Lombard control expanded and as the Byzantine outpost of Venice became increasingly independent. By CNTraveler.com May 27, 2019 We love Rome, Milan, and Florence as much as the next traveler, but nothing compares to the. Thomas Fromm "Pipeline durch die Alpen: Alles im Fluss" In: Sddeutsche Zeitung, 26 December 2019. Ianniello, A., Bolelli, W., and Di Scala, L., 1992, Barbara Field, Adriatic Sea, Offshore Italy, In Giant Oil and Gas Fields of the Decade, 19781988, AAPG Memoir 54, Halbouty, M.T., editor, Tulsa: American Association of Petroleum Geologists, formation of the surrounding mountain chains, Specially Protected Areas of Mediterranean Importance, internationally important (Ramsar) wetland reserves, Armistice between Italy and Allied armed forces, United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, "Drainage Basin of the Mediterranean Sea", United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, "Cartography in Croatia 20072011 National Report to the ICA", "S pomojo mareografske postaje v Kopru do novega geodetskega izhodia za Slovenijo", Die Alpen: Hydrologie und Verkehrsbergnge (German), Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia, "Coastline lengths and areas of islands in the Croatian part of the Adriatic Sea determined from the topographic maps at the scale of 1: 25 000", "Croatian small islands residential and/or leisure area", "Stare crkve na Cresu i Loinju te okolnim otocima", "Cape Kephali, Corfu, Greece the southernmost point of the Adriatic Sea", "Sea Around Us | Fisheries, Ecosystems and Biodiversity", "Adriatic Sea Fisheries: outline of some main facts", "Zadar: Zbog velike plime more poplavilo obalu", "Jugo i niski tlak: More poplavilo ibensku rivu", "Marine Radioecology and Waste Management in the Adriatic", "Investigation of submarine groundwater discharge", "The Adriatic Sea General Circulation. [233], Croatia and Slovenia started negotiations to define maritime borders in the Gulf of Piran in 1992 but failed to agree, resulting in a dispute. The town has an interesting historic center and Roman remains and was the birthplace of film director Federico Fellini. [287] Eni estimated its concessions in the Adriatic Sea to hold at least 40,000,000,000 cubic metres (1.41012cuft) of natural gas, adding that they may even reach 100,000,000,000 cubic metres (3.51012cuft). The surface water temperatures generally range from 30C (86F) in summer to 12C (54F) in winter, significantly moderating the Adriatic Basin's climate. Key Facts Flag Italy is a sovereign nation occupying 301,340 km2 (116,350 sq mi) in southern Europe. Rimini and the Adriatic Coast of Emilia Romagna, From the Spur to the Heel of the Boot: The Puglia Coast of Southern Italy. The South Adriatic Basin is similar in many respects to the Northern Ionian Sea, to which it is connected. [280], Natural gas is produced through several projects, including a joint venture of the Eni and INA companies that operates two platformsone is in Croatian waters and draws gas from six wells, and the other (which started operating in 2010) is located in Italian waters. There's a small airport at Trieste. Rory McDonald / Getty Images Part of the Cinque Terre National Park (comprised of five villages) in Liguria, Manarola has been called the most colourful city in the world. [121] Telaica is a nature park established on Dugi Otok in 1988. On the Adriatic Sea's coasts and islands, there are numerous small settlements and a number of larger cities. The amphidromic point is at the mid-width east of Ancona. [170] When the Western Empire fell in 476 AD Ravenna became the capital of the Ostrogothic Kingdom of Italy. Puglia is a long, thin region that starts at the Gargano Promontory, the spur of the boot, and continues to the Salento Peninsula, the toe of the boot. [246] Overfishing is a recognised problem450species of fish live in the Adriatic Sea, including 120species threatened by excessive commercial fishing, a problem exacerbated by pollution and global warming. [195], In 1648, the Holy Roman Empire lost its claim on its former Italian lands, formally ending the Kingdom of Italy; however, its only outlet on the Adriatic Sea, the Duchy of Ferrara, was already lost to the Papal States. [51] The southern Adriatic is subjected to saltier water from the Levantine Basin. The largest Adriatic seaport by annual cargo turnover is the Port of Trieste, while the Port of Split is the largest Adriatic seaport by passengers served per year. [247] ZERP was introduced in 2003, but its application to EU member states was suspended in 2004. (For instance, approximately 500years are necessary to exchange all the Black Sea's water.) [212] The treaty provided the basis for all the following divisions between Italy and Yugoslavia. Hop between more than 1,000 islands along the Croatian coastline, rightfully called "the pearl of the Adriatic." Walk along sapphire waters rolling onto the brilliant white beaches of Montenegro, where some of the oldest city walls and medieval monuments in the Balkans welcome curious coastal visitors. [184] In this period, the Republic of Venice began to expand its territory and influence. The coast's ruggedness is exacerbated by the Dinaric Alps' proximity to the coast, in contrast to the opposite (Italian) coast where the Apennine Mountains are further away from the shoreline. The Adriatic's shores are populated by more than 3.5million people; the largest cities are Bari, Venice, Trieste and Split. [125][127] It includes a 4 kilometres (2.5mi) long cliff, the northernmost Mediterranean salt field and the only Slovenian lagoon system. Sulla used it during the First Mithridatic War. [154], Settlements along the Adriatic dating to between 6100 and 5900 BC appear in Albania and Dalmatia on the eastern coast, related to the Cardium pottery culture. [11], The Adriatic Sea drainage basin encompasses 235,000 square kilometres (91,000sqmi), yielding a landsea ratio of 1.8. Among the largest are (counterclockwise) Trieste, Venice, Rimini, Ancona, Pescara and Bari in Italy; Vlor and Durrs in Albania; Split, Zadar and Rijeka in Croatia; Koper in Slovenia. [76] A recent strong earthquake in the region was the 1979 Montenegro earthquake, measuring 7.0 on the Richter scale. In the same year, the Republic of Ragusa was established in Dubrovnik as a city-state after it was freed from Venetian suzerainty. The Croatian National Biodiversity Strategy Action Plan identified more than 7,000 animal and plant species in the Adriatic Sea. [236], The former Yugoslav republics' land borders were decided by demarcation commissions implementing the AVNOJ decisions of 1943 and 1945,[237][238] but the exact course has not been agreed upon by the successor states, which makes the maritime boundaries' definition difficult;[239] the maritime borders were not defined at all in the time of Yugoslavia. [116] Furthermore, there are 10 internationally important (Ramsar) wetland reserves in Italy located along the Adriatic coast. INA estimates, however, are 50% lower than those supplied by Eni. [291] The discovery was followed by further surveys off the Croatian coast. [273][274][275][276] The largest seaport in Montenegro is the Port of Bar. Croatian fisheries employed approximately 20,000. [71] An unbroken zone of increased seismic activity borders the Adriatic Sea, with a belt of thrust faults generally oriented in the northeastsouthwest direction on the east coast and the northeastsouthwest normal faults in the Apennines, indicating an Adriatic counterclockwise rotation. Italian fisheries, including those operating outside the Adriatic, employed 60,700 in the primary sector, including aquaculture (which comprises 40% of the total fisheries production). The marine protected area covers 48 square kilometres (19sqmi). [213] In 1918, the Montenegrin national assembly voted to unite with the Kingdom of Serbia, giving the latter access to the Adriatic. The largest passenger ports in the Adriatic are the Port of Split (the largest Croatian passenger port) and ports in Ancona (the largest Italian passenger seaport in the Adriatic). [132] The Debeli Rti natural monument covers 24 hectares (59 acres),[133] the Cape Madona natural monument covers 12 hectares (30 acres),[134] and the Lakes in Fiesa natural monument, with the coastal lake as the only brackish lake in Slovenia,[135] covers 2.1 hectares (5.2 acres).
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