[233] The myth explains the origin of the laurel and connection of Apollo with the laurel and its leaves, which his priestess employed at Delphi. The name of the goddess, Nyx (in ancient Greek: N, Nx, "night"), describes how the dark light, which she embodies, falls from the stars and imposes itself on men and gods. (Plut. 499500. The lord made his swift way to Olympus and wound his baby hands around Zeus, asking him to take the wrath of the earth goddess from the Pythian home. "[12][13] Apella () is the name of the popular assembly in Sparta,[12] corresponding to the ecclesia (). Out of affection for her, Apollo turned her sisters into goddesses. He is the god of war. Patroclus was eventually killed by Hector. (Some storytellers say that Zeus had fathered this magical beast as . "In the 3rd century, Apollo fell silent. Location of the site . The morning planet was called Apollo, and the one at evening Hermes/Mercury before they realised they were the same, thereupon the name 'Mercury/Hermes' was kept, and 'Apollo' was dropped. [249] Latin poet Ovid in his Ars Amatoria said that even though he was a god, Apollo forsook his pride and stayed in as a servant for the sake of Admetus. According to other version, Artemis also aided him in protecting their mother by attacking Tityos with her arrows. Soon, Zeus threw his thunderbolt between the fighting brothers and separated them. Anius later became the priest of Apollo and the king of Delos. Not wanting to have the child, she entrusted the infant to Apollo and left. One of Apollo's most important daily tasks was . Artemis's Dominions. Seeing his plight, Apollo pleaded Zeus to release the kind Titan, while Artemis and Leto stood behind him with tears in their eyes. Zeus obliged and sentenced Apollo to one year of hard labor once again under Admetus.[169]. Initiating them to his service, he instructed them to keep righteousness in their hearts. Fordham Univ Press. Spartan annual festivals were the Carneia and the Hyacinthia. The figure in the background is presumably Angrboa. First, Apollo sent Hercules to the hills of Nemea to kill a lion that was terrorizing the people of the region. The number seven was sacred to the god; on the seventh of every month sacrifices were offered to him (hebdomagets, Aeschyl. To stop the battling gods and the terror created by their battle, Apollo intervened and stopped the duel between them.[212][213]. [201] Another variation is that Apollo played his instrument upside down. In fact they used to exchange live hares as gifts of love. He killed the Greek heroes Patroclus, Achilles, and numerous Greek soldiers. What of his song, so cunning and so sweet? Apollo represents a 'role' culture where order, reason, and bureaucracy prevail. Apollo often appears in modern and popular culture due to his status as the god of music, dance and poetry. [178], To complete his third task, Heracles had to capture the Ceryneian Hind, a hind sacred to Artemis, and bring back it alive. Sets with similar terms. There are many different schools of thought that tell Nyx's story, but all are always . Apollo's sacred animals include wolfs, dolphins, roe deer, swan, and a few more. Apollo, Olympia. Coronis was daughter of Phlegyas, King of the Lapiths. [246][247] During his exile, which lasted either for one year or nine years,[248] Apollo served Admetus as a herdsman. [169][148] Apollo helped Admetus win the hand of Alcestis, the daughter of King Pelias,[170][171] by taming a lion and a boar to draw Admetus' chariot. According to the Greek myth, each morning Apollo rides a golden flaming chariot across the sky bringing daylight to the world. He was the god of healing, medicine, archery, music, poetry and the sun. Myths tell that the infant Hermes stole a number of Apollo's cows and took them to a cave in the woods near Pylos, covering their tracks. He was ambushed and killed by Achilleus, and Apollo avenged his death by killing Achilles. The invention of lyre is attributed either to Hermes or to Apollo himself. She was armed with golden bow and arrows, weapons made by the Cyclopes (the masters of manufacturing weapons for the Gods!). She is also present in Roman mythology; she was renamed as the goddess Nox. they followed the beast and found the sacred gold. [345] There was a tradition that the Delphic oracle was consulted as early as the period of the kings of Rome during the reign of Tarquinius Superbus. Then Apollo himself replaced the charioteer and took the reins in his hands. Vesp. [199] He also further said, 'His [Apollo] hair is smooth and made into tufts and curls that fall about his brow and hang before his face. Traditionally, Apollo and his twin . [208], Apollo helped the Greek hero Diomedes, to escape from a great tempest during his journey homeward. Long hair, which was the prerogative of boys, was cut at the coming of age (ephebeia) and dedicated to Apollo. [21] The Hittite testimony reflects an early form *Apeljn, which may also be surmised from comparison of Cypriot with Doric . In cult practice, Delian Apollo and Pythian Apollo (the Apollo of Delphi) were so distinct that they might both have shrines in the same locality. [137] Since it was neither a mainland nor an island, Leto was readily welcomed there and gave birth to her children under a palm tree. [380] He also appears in the 2014 Hi-Rez Studios Multiplayer Online Battle Arena game Smite as a playable character.[381]. When Iamus reached the age of education, Apollo took him to Olympia and taught him many arts, including the ability to understand and explain the languages of birds. The raven is a symbol of Apollo's anger. Paean serves as the healer of the gods in the Iliad, and seems to have originated in a pre-Greek religion. [62], Apollo in his aspect of "healer" has a connection to the primitive god Paean (-), who did not have a cult of his own. Which were the sacred plants of Apollo? He deflected many spears and arrows away them. The historic Greek metropolis of Delphi, situated on the slopes of Mount Parnassus, was residence to the primary Temple of Apollo and the famend Oracle of Delphi . He is the inventor of string-music, and the frequent companion of the Muses, functioning as their chorus leader in celebrations. So to the god they dedicated a bronze wolf. [148] Plutarch lists Admetus as one of Apollo's lovers and says that Apollo served Admetus because he doted upon him. Upon tasting the divine food, Apollo broke free of the bands fastened onto him and declared that he would be the master of lyre and archery, and interpret the will of Zeus to humankind. The muscular frames and limbs combined with slim waists indicate the Greek desire for health, and the physical capacity which was necessary in the hard Greek environment. [184], Immediately after his birth, Apollo demanded a lyre and invented the paean, thus becoming the god of music. [63] It is suggested, though unconfirmed, that he is connected to the Mycenaean figure pa-ja-wo-ne (Linear B: ). The Theophania festival was held in Delphi to celebrate his return.[150]. Apollo sided with the Trojans during the Trojan War waged by the Greeks against the Trojans. Sympos. Once Hera, out of spite, aroused the Titans to war against Zeus and take away his throne. His twin sister is Artemis. The Corybantes were spear-clashing, dancing demigods. They show the spread of the cult of Apollo and the evolution of the Greek architecture, which was mostly based on the rightness of form and on mathematical relations. At Delphi, Apollo was venerated as the slayer of the monstrous serpent Python. [14], Several instances of popular etymology are attested from ancient authors. [344], The palm tree was also sacred to Apollo because he had been born under one in Delos. The contest was judged by the Muses, or the nymphs of Nysa. Apollo adopted Carnus, the abandoned son of Zeus and Europa. Apollo Apollo, byname Phoebus, in Greco - Roman mythology, a deity of manifold function and meaning, one of the most widely revered and influential of all the ancient Greek and Roman gods. Medicine and healing are associated with Apollo. In Euripides' play Ion, Apollo fathered Ion by Creusa, wife of Xuthus. When the Greek warrior Patroclus tried to get into the fort of Troy, he was stopped by Apollo. Apollo, who was passing by, caught them and carried them to two different cities in Chersonesus, Molpadia to Castabus and Parthenos to Bubastus. Apollo also fostered Carnus, the son of Zeus and Europa. While none of the Greek originals have survived, several Roman copies from approximately the late 1st or early 2nd century exist. The invention of archery itself is credited to Apollo and his sister Artemis. [149][158] According to Homer, Apollo had encountered and killed the Python when he was looking for a place to establish his shrine. Molpadia and Parthenos were the sisters of Rhoeo, a former lover of Apollo. That being said, some people believe that Apollos counterpart in Roman mythology was Phoebus. [362] In 1895, V. I. Leonardos proposed the term kouros ("male youth") to refer to those from Keratea; this usage was later expanded by Henri Lechat in 1904 to cover all statues of this format. Online translated text available at theoi.com, Harpers Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, The Warburg Institute Iconographic Database: ca 1650 images of Apollo, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Apollo&oldid=1142341383. Apollo is often associated with the Golden Mean. Sponsored by Trust Inform Why do I need more omega-3s in my diet? The famous Apollo of Mantua and its variants are early forms of the Apollo Citharoedus statue type, in which the god holds the cithara, a sophisticated seven-stringed variant of the lyre, in his left arm. Dionysus's Sacred Animals. In the cave, he found a tortoise and killed it, then removed the insides. What of his robes so fine in texture, so soft to the touch, aglow with purple? Apollo is an important pastoral deity, and was the patron of herdsmen and shepherds. Apollo had a famous oracle in Delphi, and other notable ones in Claros and Didyma. [363][364], The earliest examples of life-sized statues of Apollo may be two figures from the Ionic sanctuary on the island of Delos. Apollo's capacity to make youths grow is one of the best attested facets of his panhellenic cult persona. Branchus, a shepherd, one day came across Apollo in the woods. Molpadia's name was changed to Hemithea upon her deification. Thebes every nine years held the Daphnephoria. Moon, Hunting, Archery, Virgins, Chastity (twin sister of Apollo) Artemis's Symbols. The Pythian Games were held in Apollo's honor every four years at Delphi. Drinking the blood of many slain animals. Apollo Symbol List What Are The Symbols of Apollo? [165], Soon after, Zeus instructed Apollo to go to Delphi and establish his law. Alternatively, you can browse all our pieces on Greek god symbols here, or Greek symbols/letters here. Among the rural populace, Artemis was the favourite goddess. He is associated with dominion over colonists. Out of Hyacinthus' blood, Apollo created a flower named after him as a memorial to his death, and his tears stained the flower petals with the interjection , meaning alas. But in the next round, Apollo decided to play on his lyre and add his melodious voice to his performance. Zeus, pleased with his son's integrity, gave Apollo the seat next to him on his right side. Since he learnt the art of building when young, he later came to be known as Archegetes, the founder (of towns) and god who guided men to build new cities. The seventh and twentieth, the days of the new and full moon, were ever afterwards held sacred to him. The Sibyl took a handful of sand and asked Apollo to grant her years of life as many as the grains of sand she held in her hands. Apollo is said to be filled with grief. Apollo used his bow and golden arrow to shed light upon an island, where the Argonauts soon took shelter. [45], Apollo is considered the most Hellenic (Greek) of the Olympian gods. What Are The Sacred Animals Of Apollo/Apollon? Although his sacred animals were the wolf, the raven and the dolphin, Apollo was also known as the god of cowherds and kept (bright red) sacred cows, the finest cattle in the world. His intimate connection to wolves is evident from his epithet Lyceus, meaning wolf-like. During the war, the Greek king Agamemnon captured Chryseis, the daughter of Apollo's priest Chryses, and refused to return her. The lyrewhich is perhaps his most well-known symbolsignifies that Apollo is the god of music. Apollo also buried in Hyperborea the arrow which he had used to kill the Cyclopes. Agamemnon cursed Cinyras. He consulted the oracle of Apollo once again, in hope of ridding himself of the disease. Apollo is said to have been the lover of all nine Muses, and not being able to choose one of them, decided to remain unwed. De Agostini / G. Nimatallah / Getty Images, Tomisti / Wikimedia Commons/ CC BY-SA 3.0. Apollo played a pivotal role in the entire Trojan War. Apollo delivered people from epidemics, yet he is also a god who could bring ill-health and deadly plague with his arrows. It was an act of revenge against Apollo who claimed he was a better archer than Eros. Apollo Kourotrophos is the god who nurtures and protects children and the young, especially boys. According to one account, after the first round, they both were deemed equal by the Nysiads. But he made sure to leave a few wrinkles on the abdomen and around the navel so that they might be reminded of their punishment.[181]. Developed in the 8th century B.C., the sanctuary was home to the Oracle of Delphi and the priestess Pythia, who was . He foiled Achilles' attempt to mutilate Hector's dead body. Hestia, the goddess of the hearth, rejected both Apollo's and Poseidon's marriage proposals and swore that she would always stay unmarried. According to Algonquian folklore, how does one transform into a Wendigo? In philosophical discussion of the arts, a distinction is sometimes made between the Apollonian and Dionysian impulses, where the former is concerned with imposing intellectual order and the latter with chaotic creativity. The Greek God Apollo, alas the legendary epitome of male beauty, attuned to his arrow he launches the perfect shot. APOLLO was the son of Zeus and twin brother of Artemis. The lyre is a common attribute of Apollo. Apollo - credits: gilmanshin/depositphotos. A Luwian etymology suggested for Apaliunas makes Apollo "The One of Entrapment", perhaps in the sense of "Hunter".[24]. Some of the earliest temples, especially in Crete, do not belong to any Greek order. Aeneas was then taken to Pergamos, a sacred spot in Troy, where he was healed. Protection of herds, flocks and crops from diseases, pests and predators were his primary duties. [342] Apollo's decisions were usually approved by his sister Athena, and they both worked to establish the law and order set forth by Zeus.[343]. 9. This island was renamed "Anaphe", which means "He revealed it". Together they had a son named Ileus, whom Apollo loved dearly.[176]. [78] Apollo's sister Artemis, who was the Greek goddess of hunting, is identified with Britomartis (Diktynna), the Minoan "Mistress of the animals". He turned Daphne was into a laurel tree to escape the love of Apollo. Apollo then enveloped Aeneas in a cloud to protect him. Nom P. 48. f-Aristoph. Alternatively, Hera kidnapped Eileithyia, the goddess of childbirth, to prevent Leto from going into labor. He is pictured as a terrible god, less trusted by the Greeks than other gods. She was later granted longevity by Apollo who turned her into a nymph. Aristaeus was placed under the care of Chiron after his birth. When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. sacred numbers are due to a logic explained in plato. [384] Psychologist Carl Jung's Apollo archetype represents what he saw as the disposition in people to over-intellectualise and maintain emotional distance.[385]. "[57], In classical times, his major function in popular religion was to keep away evil, and he was therefore called "apotropaios" (, "averting evil") and "alexikakos" ( "keeping off ill"; from v. + n. He was the God of the arts, music, healing, purification, prophecy, oracles, plague, poetry, civilization, the sun, truth, intelligence, logic, reason, and archery, he also showed men the art of medicine. Angered by this, Apollo shot arrows infected with the plague into the Greek encampment. [227], Leukatas was believed to be a white colored rock jutting out from the island of Leukas into the sea. The other gods bribed Hera with a beautiful necklace nobody could resist and she finally gave in. [170][171], According to another version, or perhaps some years later, when Zeus struck down Apollo's son Asclepius with a lightning bolt for resurrecting the dead, Apollo in revenge killed the Cyclopes, who had fashioned the bolt for Zeus. They attempted to storm Mt. Growing up, Apollo was nursed by the nymphs Korythalia and Aletheia, the personification of truth. In Greek mythology, Apollo was the god of the sun, music, poetry, healing, truth, archery, dance, music, and prophecy. In order to disguise his tracks he made shoes of bark and he drove the cows backwards through traversing sandy places so that the hoof prints would disappear. a. Apollo b. Ares c . Shamanistic elements in Apollo's cult are often liked to his Hyperborean origin, and he is likewise speculated to have originated as a solar shaman. Apollo in anger turned her into a man. Seven Deadly Sins Symbols: The List With Colors And Animals Corresponding To 7 Cardinal Sins, Blue and Black Monarch Butterfly Spiritual Meaning and Symbolism, Greek God Zeus Symbols, Sacred Animals And Plants, 19 Flowers of Love Unique Choices for the One You Love, Greek God Symbols, Sacred Animals And Plants, Ancient Egyptian Symbols And Their Meanings. Heartbroken, Aphrodite wandered looking for the rock of Leukas. Cyrene was a Thessalian princess whom Apollo loved. The Twelve Olympian Gods and Goddesses of Greek Mythology, Fast Facts on Helios - Greek God of the Sun, Hermes - A Thief, Inventor, and Messenger God, Classic Greek Mythology: Stories from Ovid's Metamorphoses, M.A., Linguistics, University of Minnesota. This wraps up our post on Apollo, the Greek god of sun, his family, his symbols, sacred animals and plants. Out of shame, he assigned to himself the punishment of being skinned for a wine sack. 6, with reference to. Because of this people were very fond of him and started honouring him to the same extent as Zeus. He captured the old people and children and sent them to his army to hold them for ransom. When Apollo found out about her infidelity through his prophetic powers or thanks to his raven who informed him, he sent his sister, Artemis, to kill Coronis. Receiving the aegis from Zeus, Apollo entered the battlefield as per his father's command, causing great terror to the enemy with his war cry. [346], On the occasion of a pestilence in the 430s BCE, Apollo's first temple at Rome was established in the Flaminian fields, replacing an older cult site there known as the "Apollinare". When his son Melaneus reached the age of marriage, Apollo asked the princess Stratonice to be his son's bride and carried her away from her home when she agreed. The leaves became the symbol of victory and laurel wreaths were given to the victors of the Pythian games. C.F.Beck Verlag.Munchen. The day of Apollos birth was believed to have been the seventh of the month, whence he is called hebdomagens. Laughter, fate, fertility, childbirth beginning at conception, petition for a male child. Contents 1 History 2 Percy Jackson and the Olympians 2.1 The Sea of Monsters 2.2 The Battle of the Labyrinth 3 The Heroes of Olympus 3.1 The Demigod Diaries Dionysus caused ivy to grow all over the ship and he turned all the pirates (with the exception of the helmsman) into Dolphins. Themis inspired him to be the oracular voice of Delphi thereon.[157]. Apollo[a] is one of the Olympian deities in classical Greek and Roman religion and Greek and Roman mythology. This time Apollo shot him with his arrows and attacked him with his golden sword. Marsyas argued against this, saying that Apollo would have an advantage and accused Apollo of cheating. After watching The Killing of a Sacred Deer, Yorgos Lanthimos's brilliant follow-up to his critically beloved and surprisingly lucrative The Lobster, you may have some questions. [336]Apollo Daphnephoros had a temple in Eretria, a "place where the citizens are to take the oaths". It is said that Leto came to Delos from Hyperborea accompanied by a pack of wolves. [251], Oh how often his sister (Diana) blushed at meeting her brother as he carried a young calf through the fields!.often Latona lamented when she saw her son's disheveled locks which were admired even by Juno, his step-mother[252]. The Hyperboreans always sang and danced in his honor and hosted Pythian games. What was Athena's sacred animal? [379], Apollo has appeared in many modern video games. [71] The connection with the northern-dwelling Dorians and their initiation festival apellai is reinforced by the month Apellaios in northwest Greek calendars. [226], Prometheus was the titan who was punished by Zeus for stealing fire. As the patron deity of Delphi (Apollo Pythios), Apollo is an oracular godthe prophetic deity of the Delphic Oracle. Knowing that Apollo can prevent a recurrence of the plague he sent, they purify themselves in a ritual and offer him a large sacrifice of cows, called a hecatomb. According to legend, the positioning was recognized by Zeus, the King of the Gods, who sought to seek out the epicentre of the earth goddess Gaia, or [] On the island Delos she bore Apollo a son named Anius. [70], The Homeric Hymn to Apollo depicts Apollo as an intruder from the north. Online version at Harvard University Press, Online version available at The Perseus Digital Library. [361] Claudius Aelianus wrote that Egyptians called Apollo Horus in their own language.[359]. He smoothened the wrinkles and shaped the chest. Perhaps, the most well-known symbol of Apollo is his lyre. Known as the ideal of youth and athleticism, Apollo is the son of the Zeus and Leto; and his twin sister, Artemis, is the goddess of the moon and the hunt. Seen as the most beautiful god and the ideal of the kouros (ephebe, or a beardless, athletic youth). [164] According to a variation, Apollo had also travelled to Crete, where Carmanor purified him. Apollo's silver bow and arrow represent his defeat of the monster Python (or Phython). [197] Hermes then began to play music on the lyre he had invented. Apollo appears in Rachel Smythe's 2018 comic Lore Olympus[382][383] as an antagonist. [168] After the battle Zeus finally relented his aid and hurled Tityos down to Tartarus. "As he [Zeus] cut them one after another, he bade Apollo give the face and the half of the neck a turn Apollo was also bidden to heal their wounds and compose their forms. Information boards inform about the large animal and plant world of the nature park. Hermes, however, once stole fifty of these . The violet remains a sacred flower to Cupid, and witches still use Violet in a variety of love spells and love potions. Education is said to have originated from Apollo and the Muses. [238], Hecuba was the wife of King Priam of Troy, and Apollo had a son with her named Troilus. Parnassos, which was then named after her. The crew was awed into submission and followed a course that led the ship to Delphi. Mark Cartwright (CC BY-NC-SA) Apollo was a major Greek god associated with the bow, music, and divination. [77] In the Homeric Hymn, Apollo appeared as a dolphin and carried Cretan priests to Delphi, where they evidently transferred their religious practices. [262] His other daughters include Eurynome, Chariclo wife of Chiron, Eurydice the wife of Orpheus, Eriopis, famous for her beautiful hair, Melite the heroine, Pamphile the silk weaver, Parthenos, and by some accounts, Phoebe, Hilyra and Scylla. Carrying on with our series on Greek god symbols, we will be examining Apollo, the Greek god of sun, music, and healing today. Horse is strongly associated with her. Tiger. [367] The conventions of this representation, head tilted, lips slightly parted, large-eyed, curling hair cut in locks grazing the neck, were developed in the 3rd century BCE to depict Alexander the Great.
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