* The Report of the Independent Taskforce on Workplace Health & Safety: He Korowai Whakaruruhau (2013)hstaskforce.govt.nz(external link). Make sure that friction or suction loads do not overload lifting devices or anchors, or exceed the concrete strength at the time of lifting. It is good practice to refer to Health and Safety by Design principles when completing such checklists and forms. Plan lifts so rotation of the rolling block under load is not required. PCBUs must ensure that an emergency plan is prepared for the workplace. The driver should be trained and competent to manage the risks and hazards associated with transporting precast concrete elements. monitors weather conditions and takes any necessary actions; high winds, heavy rain or other events may cause problems during erection. Account shall be taken of all physical conditions likely to affect the stabilityof buildings, building elements and sitework, including: * The Building Code is contained within Schedule 1 of the Building Regulations 1992. All lifting clutches should have a record showing the period of test validity and maximum allowable capacity. Table 5.1 in NZS 3109 (Concrete Construction) gives tolerances for precast concrete elements. the lift plan, which covers how to carry out crane lifts, including (but not limited to) such details as the: bracing and propping details for each precast concrete element: type and angle (as designed and certified by a competent person), configuration and size of erection braces and, where applicable, knee braces, cross-bracing, and any other secondary bracing that may be required, on-site lifting and handling requirements, special lifting and handling procedures (eg to protect non-standard finishes), preferred lifting and handling system to suit available equipment, additional reinforcing for handling, transport or for other reasons, all anchors and other components to be cast in for lifting, handling or fixing, type, make and location of all required lifting anchors; if additional reinforcement or tension bars are required for the lifting anchor to reach the full capacity, specify size, length and location of the reinforcement. The supervisor is responsible for monitoring work and ensuring compliance with regulations and recommended practice. review and update emergency procedures/plans if needed. The driver should stop, in a suitable safe place, and check the load and restraints: Make sure any surface the vehicle is going over is suitable. Surface finish requirements can influence the preferred orientation of a precast concrete element in the mould. The magnitude of the dynamic factor depends on the lifting equipment and the ground condition. 9There may be hazards that are not identified in this table. As well as complying with HSWA requirements, work with precast concretemust comply with other relevant regulations, including the HSE Regulations,the PECPR Regulations and the GRWM Regulations. site access, conditions and limitations, for example: energy supply locations (eg power cables), location of any plumbing, electrical or cabling channels, requirements for grouting and location of grouting ducts. The reinforcing design should ensure that the lifting anchor system will give the required factor of safety. Using inappropriate techniques when handling precast concrete elements (eg not using the right equipment for the job). Records should show how and when the batch was last tested. A competent person may need to assess loading and restraint of precast concrete elements with unusual or irregular shapes, high or off-centre centres of gravity. Suspended slabs are not normally designed to support cranes or heavy vehicles. This is an example of a PCBU entering into a reasonable agreement with another PCBU to meet the duty to provide first aid to workers. The diagrams below illustrated the sequence of installation for the precast beam-slab system: The Procedure Setting Out 1. Closely monitoring the site engineer's strict implementation of the Method Statement for laying Kerbs, Precast Concrete Barriers, & Paver Interlock Blocks Installation and Risk Assessment, the use of proper tools and equipment to maintain safety, certifications of equipment and their adherence to . vehicles tipping due to a high centre of gravity causing roll-over. Purpose-built trailers have a significantly lower centre of gravity as the precast concrete panels sit either in a well in the centre of the trailer or on an outrigger on the side of the trailer. For example by: WorkSafe recommends establishing an exclusion zone in areas where it is not reasonably practicable to prevent an object from falling freely or to use a system to arrest the fall. 1. If it is not reasonably practicableto eliminate a risk, the risk must be minimised so far as is reasonably practicable. HSWA defines the roles and responsibilities of different duty holders. For example,the Health and Safety at Work (Hazardous Substances) Regulations 2017. For example, could failure of a single prop supporting a precast concrete element lead to a progressive collapse of adjoining elements? There are four types of duty holders PCBUs, officers (see Section 2.3 of these guidelines), workers and other persons at workplaces. All information should be clearly communicated and timely. If it is not reasonably practicable to prevent the object from falling freely or to use a system to arrest thefall, an exclusion zone that persons are prohibited from entering must be provided. The head contractorand the crane sub-contractor agree that if the crane sub-contractors workers need first aid while on-site they will use the construction sites first aid facilities. Some PCBUs ask sub-contractors to complete a daily checklist during the installation of tilt-up or precast concrete panels. Silica Exposure Control Plan: NPCA Has You Covered The HSE continues to work closely with the Precast Flooring Federation and endorses If strongbacks are required, are they correctly installed? PCBUs must eliminate risks so far as is reasonably practicable. For flooring systems and certain proprietary products, the structural designer should provide sufficient information for the design to be undertaken, including the applied loads and the expected performance of the precast concrete elements (such as deflections and vibration). workplace inspections could someone be injured by precast concrete activities, or could your work create hazards for others on-site? For example, designing channels or ducting for services before elements are manufactured means that workers avoid exposure to the silica dust and noise created when concrete is cut to add channels for electricity or other services. Is the worker able to identify the common hazards of precast concrete work and use effective control measures to manage the risks? PCBUs must, so far as reasonably practicable, provide and maintain safe systems of work. may have flexible end connections to adjust to different angles. When selecting the sling capacity, the increased force due to slope of the sling and the change of direction at reeving points should be considered. (See Section 10.5 of these guidelines.). design of the supporting members to cater for the erection loads? PCBUs should consider reviewing the emergency plan, and updating it: PCBUs should communicate the emergency plan to all workers so they know: Testing can be a desktop exercise (eg sit down, think of a scenario such as a fire or earthquake, and workthrough the plan), or stage a mock emergency such as a fire drill and test how well the plan works. The bottom level of dunnage should transfer the load to the ground or whatever surface it is on without overloading it or causing excess settlement or deflection. Only with approval from the structural designer may higher strength concrete be used: Some lifting anchors may not be able to take their full load if they are not embedded deeply enough or the concrete is not strong enough when the element is being lifted. foundations to brace any vertical precast concrete elements during construction? PCBUs must follow a prescribed risk management process to manage the health and safety risks from fallingobjects that are reasonably likely to fall on and injure a person. common health and safety terms and practices? WorkSafe recommends that a Job Safety Analysis (JSA) or similar process is carried out before loading and unloading precast concrete elements into and out of racks and frames. concrete grade and strength required at the time of lifting. The structural designer will provide the concrete strength required for a precast concrete element to meet the requirements of the final structure, based on strength or durability requirements. minimum dimensions of drilled piles or deadmen? checked that access is suitable for the size and weight of their vehicle? monitoring workers health and workplace conditions to prevent injury or illness arising from the conduct of work. The required concrete strength of the precast element should be noted on the shop drawings. psychosocial hazards (eg bullying, tight deadlines, other stress factors). Precast concrete elements falling or collapsing and causing severe crush injuries (eg the uncontrolled collapse of elements, or a person beingcaught between an element and another object), Table 15: Handling, storing and transporting: What could go wrong. They ensure that the load is safely rigged for lifting and that the crane is directed safely for all movements of the load. New Zealand Qualifications Authority (NZQA)(external link), Building and Construction Industry Training Organisation (BCITO)(external link). However,if a duty holder deviates from good practice they should have well-thought-out reasons why. Does the erection plan address all aspects of the erection procedure? how the precast concrete elements were loaded. Work that needs to be notified to WorkSafe is defined in the HSE Regulations. the capacity of any permanent structures to carry transport loads? Has the head contractor on the construction site together with all relevant PCBUs: Table 20: On-site access: What to consider. A unique numbering system to clearly identify individual items should also be used. If the precast manufacturer suggests using a concrete grade and/or additional reinforcing that differs from the structural designers specifications, the head contractor should ask the structural designer to approve the change before the precast concrete element is manufactured. 14Figure 32 images reproduced with permission from Smith Crane & Construction. A precast concrete element could be damaged every time it is handled or moved. How will workers demonstrate understanding? An exclusion zone is a defined area where people are not allowed to go when particular work is being done. This particularly applies where the orientation of the precast concrete element changes or it requires rotation. The design of lifting beams, spreaders and frames must be certified by a Chartered Professional Engineer or Design Verifier approved by WorkSafe. This is a marked area where people can safely stand while a vehicle is being loaded or unloaded. Risks to health and safety come from people being exposed to hazards (sources of harm). Arrange the rigging system to allow the precast concrete element to lie in or near its correct attitude (orientation) for erection into the structure. Place infill blocks above the bearing walls, or in a similar location, to ensure good load distribution. The transport operator may be part of the manufacturers organisation, the customer organisation, or a third party contractor. telling the PCBU when they become aware the PPE is damaged or defective, or when it needs to be cleaned or decontaminated. methods to adequately fix and secure precast concrete elements to prevent movement during transportation? Striking overhead power lines when moving a precast concrete element. Designers should consider the effects of suction loads to ensure safety and the integrity of the precast concrete elements. The appendices provide additional information, including a glossary of terms, and resources such as templates and checklists. base restraint details to be incorporated? PCBUs must follow a prescribed risk management process in order to: If a PCBU cant eliminate the risk, the PCBU must minimise it, so far as is reasonably practicable. Some PCBUs use a lift design request form to enable a lift design to be produced. PCBUs must provide any PPE needed to carry out work, and ensure workers know how to wear, use, and care for it. Lifting, travelling and placing over rough or uneven ground where anchor failure is not anticipated to cause harm or injury, by adopting procedures such as: transporting the element as close as practical to ground level, establishing and maintaining exclusion zones, transporting only precast concrete elements that are unlikely to topple if they were to hit the ground, inspecting lifting anchors both after transportation and before final lifting into place, and, Element wall thickness prevents the use of larger cast-in components, and. A PCBU must engage with its workers when electing an HSR and/or establishing an HSC. You will need to identify and assess health and safety risks arising fromyour own work. Every item of lifting equipment should be clearly and permanently marked with its WLL. Have recesses been cleaned out in preparation for lifting, so that lifting clutches can correctly engage? ensures that competent people are engaged to carry out the work. PCBUs must ensure, so far as is reasonably practicable, the information, instruction or training provided isreadily understandable to workers. See Figure 7. documents describing the site access and cranage, documents describing the rigging and lifting; special lifts may include rotation of precast elements and multiple crane lifts, documents describing the temporary supports, including propping, back propping, access and bracing. position of the casting mould (that is, vertical vs. horizontal casting), minimum concrete strength for demoulding, delivery and erection, adequacy of the design reinforcement to resist handling stresses, size and weight of the precast concrete element, number, size and location of lifting points and type of anchors, lifting method, type of lifting equipment and crane capacity. Falsework and fixings should be designed to ensure the overall system can support the applied loads. Rigging specific Safe Work Method Statements include site establishment, setting up the work area, PPE, Working at heights, exposure to weather conditions, tools, plant and equipment handling, power supply, risk matrix, typical hazards associated with the rigging related on-site activities, as well as control measure to eliminate or control the . Falsework foundations are normally floor slabs, footings, or deadmen. The transport operator is responsible for: The transport operator should be familiar with NZTA requirements: If precast concrete elements will be cast off-site, the designer should consider NZTA authority limits on length, width, height and weight, and available transport equipment. Damaged or incorrectly assembled rigging. All aspects of design should be carried out in accordance with any relevant legislation, such as the Building Code. This means that all strongbacks with lifting points used during the movement of precast concrete elements should be: Strongbacks used for lifting must be rated with a working load limit (WLL). The emergency plan could include a detailed floor plan showing where emergency equipment and first aidsupplies can be found, and the location of utilities, GRWM Regulations 14(3) and 14(4): Maintenance and testing of the emergency plan(external link). The driver should be in a safe area away from the truck during unloading. When choosing the number and size of lifting anchors to use, designers should refer to the list below. WorkSafes Approved Code of Practice for Load-lifting Rigging [PDF, 3.7 MB] See Section 5.12: Inspection. Not using appropriate control measures to minimise exposure to substances commonly used in precast concrete manufacture (including concrete, curing compounds and release agents). tables throughout these guidelines. PCBUs must ensure, so far as is reasonably practicable, all persons (workers and others) are provided with any information, training, instruction or supervision needed to protect them from work-related health and safety risks.
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