Pinterest. The "Stars and Bars" flag was adopted on March 4, 1861, in the first temporary national capital of Montgomery, Alabama, and raised over the dome of that first Confederate capitol. Congressional, Richmond, 4 Feb: A bill to establish the flag of the Confederate States was adopted without opposition, and the flag was displayed in the Capitol today. He did not share in the nostalgia for the Union that many of his fellows Southerners felt, believing that the South's flag should be completely different from that of the North. In 1956, prompted by the Supreme Courts Brown v. Board of Educationruling that declared segregation unconstitutional, Georgiaadopted a state flag that prominently incorporated the symbol. While no standard proportions or sizes prevailed nationwide in the Confederate States of America, a survey of 112 identified company or regimental flags from the cis-Mississippi states that conform to the pattern of the Confederate 1st national flag does indicate that several regional variations do predominate. Because of the large number of Tennessee regiments in this corps the flag is sometimes referred to as the Tennessee Moon flag. Then, as Confederate veterans began to die in the early 20th century, groups like the United Daughters of the Confederacy pushed to commemorate themand make their version of history the official doctrine of Southern states. As the Confederacy grew, so did the numbers of white stars on the ensign's dark blue canton: seven-, nine-, eleven-, and thirteen-star groupings were typical. Enterprise. (Physical symbols of white supremacy are coming down. [12], Flag of Alabama (obverse)(January 11, 1861), Flag of Alabama (reverse)(January 11, 1861), Flag of South Carolina (January 26, 1861), Cherokee Braves Regiment (modern-day Oklahoma)[citation needed], Flag of the Choctaw Brigade (modern-day Oklahoma) (adopted in 1860)[citation needed], Flag of the Muscogee (Creek) Nation[citation needed], Flag made for the Confederate Seminole (reconstruction; exact shades and layout unknown)[36]. The "Stars and Bars" flag was only selected by the Congress of March 4, 1861, the day of the deadline. Within the blue saltire were seven white stars, representing the current seven states of the Confederacy, two on each of the left arms, one of each of the right arms, and one in the middle. p. 211. THE CONFEDERATE 1ST NATIONAL FLAG (THE STARS & BARS) AS A MILITARY FLAG. Please be respectful of copyright. [59][60], Drawing in the United Confederate Veterans 1895 Sponsor souvenir album. Known as the Stars and Bars, the flag featured a white star for each Confederate state on a blue background, and three stripes, two red and one white. The thirteen stars stand for the thirteen states that were part of the Confederacy. He argued that the battle flag must be used, but it was necessary to emblazon it for a national flag, but as simply as possible, with a plain white field. Miles' flag lost out to the "Stars and Bars". In an effort to avoid the visual confusion, General Pierre Beauregardcommissioned a new battle flag design. The pattern and colors of this flag did not distinguish it sharply fom the Stars and Stripes of the Union. Four camp colors or flank markers accompanied each of these national colors. Most famously, the "Bonnie Blue Flag" was used as an unofficial flag during the early months of 1861. Replacing the Star and Bars in May of 1863, the first official use was at the funeral of Thomas Jonathan Stonewall Jackson. The 'extreme cruelty' around the global trade in frog legs, What does cancer smell like? Even though the national flag changed in 1863, this flag saw continued use until 1865. ", The square "battle flag" is also properly known as "the flag of the Army of Northern Virginia". General Pierre T. Beauregard chose a variation on the cross . Miles had already designed a flag that later became known as the Confederate Battle Flag, and he favored his flag over the "Stars and Bars" proposal. William T. Thompson, the editor of the Savannah-based Daily Morning News also objected to the flag, due to its aesthetic similarity to the U.S. flag, which for some Confederates had negative associations with emancipation and abolitionism. All rights reserved. In the wake of the 2017 Charlottesville white supremacist rally, demand for the banner surged across the country. From the heartland of the Confederacy (Tennessee and Kentucky) 18 identified flags were surveyed. The first flag was raised over the capitol in Montgomery by Miss Letitia Christian Tyler, the granddaughter of President John Tyler. 1st National Confederate Flag 7 Star Stars and Bars Confederate 1st National Cotton Flag 4 x 6 ft. $ 109.95. Adult Admission: Adult $10.00 Children (under the age of 14) $5:00. That changed in 1948 with the Dixiecrats, or States Rights Democratic Party, a racist, pro-segregation splinterparty formed by Southern Democrats. Taking this into account, Miles changed his flag, removing the palmetto and crescent, and substituting a heraldic saltire ("X") for the upright cross. Similarly the patriotic ladies of the South who prepared most of the company and regimental flags for the military units raised in the Southern states chose whatever proportions and sizes seemed aesthetic. STARS AND BARS Images of 12 Star versions of the first Confederate national flag. Heritage or no, the Confederate flag retains its associations with centuries of racial injustice. The results were mixed. Email. The distance between the stars decreased as the number of states increased, reaching thirteen when the secessionist factions of Kentucky and Missouri joined in late 1861. The red space above and below to be the same width as the white. Interestingly, a significant number of Tennessee company and regimental 1st national flags were made of silk and were of very large size, often exceeding 8 feet on their flys. Although this design was never a national flag, it is the most commonly recognized symbol of the Confederacy. Why are there 13 stars on Confederate flags? As might be expected 2 of the flags from Virginia (the eighth state to join the Confederacy) bear seven stars around a larger center star, and 2 of the flags from North Carolina (the tenth Confederate state) bear ten stars. STARS AND BARS Images of 11 Star versions of the first Confederate national flag. Contributions can be made to the Memorial Hall Foundation by sending a check, using a credit card or by contributing through the website. "[1][5] Confederate Congressman Peter W. Gray proposed the amendment that gave the flag its white field. With the war over, the South entered Reconstruction, a period during which the now reunified United States ended slavery and gave Black Americans citizenship and voting rights. were conserved soon after. The new year once started in Marchhere's why, Jimmy Carter on the greatest challenges of the 21st century, This ancient Greek warship ruled the Mediterranean, How cosmic rays helped find a tunnel in Egypt's Great Pyramid, Who first rode horses? the Confederate States of America began to use its first flag, the Stars and Bars, on March 5, 1861. Men fly a massive Confederate flag during a Black Lives Matter protest in Charleston, South Carolina, in August, 2020. The name derived from the blue canton with a circle of white stars and the three red, white, and red bars in the flag's field. President Jefferson Davis' inauguration took place under the 1861 state flag of Alabama, and the celebratory parade was led by a unit carrying the 1861 state flag of Georgia. The Confederate War Department chose two similar sized flags for the forts that came under their control as a result of secession. Confederate Memorial Hall is a museum located in New Orleans, Louisiana containing historical artifacts related to the Confederate States of America and the American Civil War. Quick View. [note 4][20] The first showing of the 13-star flag was outside the Ben Johnson House in Bardstown, Kentucky; the 13-star design was also in use as the Confederate navy's battle ensign[citation needed]. It was designed by Prussian-American artist Nicola Marschall in Marion, Alabama, and is said to resemble the Flag of Austria, with which Marschall would have been familiar. Of 23 identified 1st national flags from Maryland, Virginia, and North Carolina, most (16) bear eleven stars; and of these, 7 are arranged in a circle of eleven, while 5 have ten stars surrounding a center star. The Audience went wild, and the song was an instant success. Many soldiers wrote home about the ceremony and the impression the flag had upon them, the "fighting colors" boosting morale after the confusion at the Battle of First Manassas. "The present one is universally hated. The flags were known as the "Stars and Bars&qu. Johnston also specified the various sizes to be used by different types of military units. During the command of Major-General John Pemberton, the Confederate Quartermaster Department in the Department of South Carolina, Georgia, (and later Florida) relied on the Charleston military goods dealership of Hayden & Whilden to furnish flags for the Department. Many of the proposed designs paid homage to the Stars and Stripes, due to a nostalgia in early 1861 that many of the new Confederate citizens felt towards the Union. As historian John M. Coski writes, Confederate heritage organizations insisted that the flag was rightfully theirs and stood only for the honor of their ancestors. At the same time, however, the symbol was publicly claimed by those who challenged Black peoples humanitypeople like Byron De La Beckwith, a Mississippi white supremacist who murdered civil rights activistMedgar Evers in 1963 and who wore a Confederate flag pin on hislapel throughout his 1994trial. Confederate National flag of Fort McAllister, Confederate National Flag captured from Fort Jackson, Battle flag of the 11th Mississippi Infantry Regiment used at Antietam, Surrender flag of Army of Northern Virginia. Over the years the flag was changed by adding and . How Long After the Battle of First Manassas did the various battle flags replace the Stars and Bars or did they ever entirely replace it? The first official flag of the confederacy was the Stars and Bars, and was reported to the provisional congress of the C.S. In the U.S. Army the garrison flag (flown on special occasions) was 20 feet on the hoist by 36 feet on the fly, while the storm flag (flown during inclement weather and less formal occurences) was directed to measure 10 feet on the hoist by 20 feet on the fly. STARS AND BARS Images of the first Confederate national flag with more than 13 stars. Its a story of rebellion, racism, and disagreement over the true history of the Civil Warand as the controversy over its use during the Capitol riots shows, its divisive even 160 years after it was designed. A modification of that design was adopted on March 4, 1865, about a month before the end of the Read More symbolism of sovereignty First National Confederate Flag - "Stars and Bars" Although less well known than the "Confederate Battle Flags",the Stars and Bars was used as the official flag of the Confederacy from March 1861 to May of 1863. 1863-1865 version of Confederate Flag. at Vicksburg, Mississippi, 1863. The Southern Cross still has plenty of supporters who insist their love of the flag is about heritage, not hate. In a 2019 survey of nearly 35,000 U.S. adults, polling firm YouGovfound that although a plurality of Americans (41 percent) think the flag symbolizes racism, 34 percent think it symbolizes heritage. [3] In January 1862, George William Bagby, writing for the Southern Literary Messenger, wrote that many Confederates disliked the flag. Add to Plan. Nonetheless both were still represented in the Confederate Congress and had Confederate shadow governments composed of deposed former state politicians. Three of the flags from Alabama units bore a circle of seven stars. Riddle submitted his flag proposals to Stephen Foster Hale on February 21, 1861. According to one account, these flags were later turned in so that their bunting could be recycled into other flags. The first flag was produced in rush, due to the date having already been selected to host an official flag-raising ceremony, W. P. Miles credited the speedy completion of the first "Stars and Bars" flag to "Fair and nimble fingers". 1861 until 1 May 1863. This caused major problems at the July 1861 Battle of First Manassas and during other skirmishes as some troops mistakenly fired on their own comrades. What changed?). Flag flown by Confederate Missouri regiments during the Vicksburg campaign. Realizing that they quickly needed a national banner to represent their sovereignty, the Provisional Congress of the Confederate States set up the Committee on Flag and Seal. That flag was a blue St George's Cross (an upright or Latin cross) on a red field, with 15 white stars on the cross, representing the slave-holding states,[38][39] and, on the red field, palmetto and crescent symbols. Our Stars and Bars flags are made from 100% Dupont Solar-Max nylon material or 100% cotton. Copy link. A lithograph from 1897 displays four prominent designs of the Confederate flag and states that the images "help in keeping within us recollections of those who gave their lives to the 'Lost Cause,' and to perpetuate the memories and traditions of the South.". It was distinct from the Unions flag. Amid the smoke and general chaos of battle, it was hard to distinguish the Confederate national flag, the "Stars and Bars," from the U. S. national flag, the "Stars and Stripes." Confederate Congressman William Porcher Miles suggested that the army have a distinct battle flag. The Stars and Bars, which the Confederate Congress had adopted in March 1861 because it resembled the once-beloved Stars and Stripes, proved impractical and even dangerous on the battlefield because of that resemblance. ), and elements of the design by related similar female descendants organizations of the United Daughters of the Confederacy, (U.D.C. These animals can sniff it out. Congress did not adopted a formal Act codifying this flag, but it is described in the Report of the Committee on Flag and Seal, in the following language: The flag of the Confederate States of America shall consist of a red field with a white space extending horizontally through the center, and equal in width to one-third the width of the flag. Isnt the Rectangular battle flag really the Navy Jack? It was sometimes called "Beauregard's flag" or "the Virginia battle flag". The First National Flag -- Stars and Bars May 4, 1861 - May 1, 1863 The Confederate States of America solicited designs for a national flag early in 1861. Their cantons bore eleven white, 5-pointed stars arranged in a circle. First variant of flag proposal by A. Bonand of Savannah, Georgia, Second variant of flag proposal by A. Bonand, Flag proposal submitted by the "Ladies of Charleston", First variant of flag proposal by L. P. Honour of Charleston, South Carolina, L. P. Honour's second variant of First national flag proposal, Confederate First national flag proposal by John Sansom of Alabama, William Porcher Miles' flag proposal, ancestor flag of the Confederate Battle Flag, John G. Gaines' First national flag proposal, Flag proposal by J. M. Jennings of Lowndesboro, Alabama, Flag proposal submitted by an unknown person of Louisville, Kentucky, One of three finalist designs examined by Congress on March 4, 1861, lost out to Stars and Bars, Second of three finalists in the Confederate First national flag competition, Confederate flag proposal by Mrs E. G. Carpenter of Cassville, Georgia, Confederate flag proposal by Thomas H. Hobbs of Chattanooga, Tennessee, Flag proposal by Eugene Wythe Baylor of Louisiana, Flag proposal submitted by "H" of South Carolina, A Confederate flag proposal by Hamilton Coupes that was submitted on February 1, 1861, The Confederate national flag proposal of Mrs Irene Riddle, wife of William T. Riddle of Eutaw, Alabama. It was generally made with a 2:3 aspect ratio, but a few very wide 1:2 ratio ensigns still survive today in museums and private collections. The chairman was William Porcher Miles, who was also the Representative of South Carolina in the Confederate House of Representatives. The union blue extending down through the white space and stopping at the lower red space. The flags were known as the "Stars and Bars&qu. Consequently, considerable . What if we could clean them out? These flags show a high preponderance of flags with thirteen and fifteen stars, with most arranged in a circle around a center star, either of the same size or larger than the balance of the stars. Save up to 30% when you upgrade to an image pack. There are over 140 flags in the collection of Memorial Hall, most of which are from Louisiana regiments. One Congressman even mocked it as looking "like a pair of Suspenders". On 4 March 1861 the Confederate States of America adopted its first national flag, the "Stars and Bars", and raised it over the dome of the temporary capitol in Montgomery, Alabama.. In February of 1863 the purchase of these 1st national flags ceased when General Beauregard instituted the battle flag of the Army of Northern Virginia, as modified by Charlston Clothing Depot. The first national flag of the Confederate States of America was created in 1861 and had seven stars to represent the breakaway states of South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama,. In the early summer of 1861, the army was renamed the Army of Northern Virginia (ANV) commanded by Gen. R.E. In 1989 friends of Memorial Hall paid for the conservation of a Confederate Battle Flag given to the museum by Rene Beauregard, son of General PGT Beauregard. But as secession got underway, the Confederate States of America. The design that was rejected early in 1861 as the Confederate national flag was adopted by Joseph E. Johnson and P.G.T. Though it hassome Black supporters, it remains shorthand for a defiant South and all that implies. Hetty Cary and her sister and cousin made prototypes. [31] Gray stated that the white field represented "purity, truth, and freedom. Although the officially specified proportions were 1:2, many of the flags that actually ended up being produced used a 1.5:1 aspect ratio. When does spring start? national flag consisting of seven white stars on a blue canton with a field of three alternating stripes, two red and one white. 2nd National Confederate Flag 2nd National Confederate Flag - Cotton 12 x 18 inch Some of the homages were outright mimicry, while others were less obviously inspired by the Stars and Stripes, yet were still intended to pay homage to that flag. Thereafter, the number of stars continued to increase until Tennessee gained her seat as the 11th State on 2 July 1861. We would like to show you a description here but the site won't allow us. "[22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29], The Confederate Congress debated whether the white field should have a blue stripe and whether it should be bordered in red. [37] Also, Confederate regiments carried many other flags, which added to the possibility of confusion. These skeletons may have the answer, Scientists are making advancements in birth controlfor men, Blood cleaning? But the battle flag has since been claimed by white supremacists and mythologized by others as an emblem of a rebellious Southern heritage. The "Stars and Bars" The First Confederate National Flag (1861 - 1863) The Confederate Battle Flag (1861-1865) VII. READ MORE The "Van Dorn battle flag" was also carried by Confederate troops fighting in the Trans-Mississippi and Western theaters of war. The flag was issued in the fall of 1861. The original flag of the Confederate States of America, commonly known as the "STARS AND BARS", was approved by the Congress of the Provisional Government of the Confederate States, and first hoisted over the capitol building in Montgomery, Alabama, on the afternoon of the 4th day of March, 1861. Hundreds of examples were submitted from across the Confederate States and from states that were not yet part of Confederacy (e.g. This bunting was placed in the hands of Richmond military goods dealer, George Ruskell. STARS AND BARS Images of 8, 9 and 10 Star versions of the first Confederate national flag. [19] As early as April 1861, a month after the flag's adoption, some were already criticizing the flag, calling it a "servile imitation" and a "detested parody" of the U.S. Buy Today. "[32], Regardless of who truly originated the Stainless Banner's design, whether by heeding Thompson's editorials or Beauregard's letter, the Confederate Congress officially adopted the Stainless Banner on May 1, 1863. The committee rejected the idea by a four-to-one vote, after which Beauregard proposed the idea of having two flags. It was not unusual to visit a Civil War reenactment and see the groups selling bowls of beans for $3.00 with the proceeds going toward the flag conservation program. . The first national flag of the Confederacy was the Stars and Bars (left) in 1861, but it caused confusion on the battlefield and rancour off it "Everybody wants a new Confederate flag,". This flag saw action in the battles in the west. The flags were known as the "Stars and Bars", used from 1861 to 1863; the "Stainless Banner", used from 1863 to 1865; and the "Blood-Stained Banner", used in 1865 shortly before the Confederacy's dissolution. [34][35] As a result of this first usage, the flag received the alternate nickname of the "Jackson Flag". Our acid dye process saturates right through the flag producing deep and vivid colors that never crack or peel. The only change was a substitution of a red bar for one-half of the white field of the former flag, composing the flag's outer end. The Bonnie Blue gained popularity throughout the South through the song THE BONNIE BLUE FLAG written by Harry McCarthy in 1861. ISBN978-0-8061-5575-3, modern display of the Confederate battle flag, private and official use of the Confederate flags, Virginia Department of Historic Resources, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Provisional Congress of the Confederate States, Modern display of the Confederate battle flag, "What you should know about the Confederate flag's evolution", "The Second Confederate National Flag (Flags of the Confederacy)", "The Third Confederate National Flag (Flags of the Confederacy)", "Nicola Marschall: Excerpts from "The German Artist Who Designed the Confederate Flag and Uniform", "First Confederate Flag and Its Designer O.R. Stock photos, 360 images, vectors and videos. [11], Initial reaction to the second national flag was favorable, but over time it became criticized for being "too white." The first official flag of the Confederacy, called the " Stars and Bars ," was flown from March 5, 1861, to May 26, 1863. The diagonal cross was preferable, he wrote, because "it avoided the religious objection about the cross (from the Jews and many Protestant sects), because it did not stand out so conspicuously as if the cross had been placed upright thus." Many individual companies received splendid flags from the communities from which they were raised, but the regiments into which they were assembled did not necessarily share in this enthusiasm. Over the course of the flag's use by the CSA, additional stars were added to the canton, eventually bringing the total number to thirteen-a reflection of the Confederacy's claims of having admitted the border states of Kentucky and Missouri, where slavery was still widely practiced. In this image from January 6, 2021, a man flies the flag at the rally for then-President Donald Trump that led to an armed siege of the U.S. Capitol. Reviews on 80s Bar in Brea, CA - That 80's Bar, Totally 80's Bar & Grille, Club 80's Bar and Grill, Sandy Llama, Flashbackz Lounge & Grill, FlashPants 80s Cover Band, Club Rock It, The Paradox Arcade + Bar, Stubby's, Mi Vida Loca Bar and Lounge Neither state voted to secede or ever came under full Confederate control. Regiments carried flags to help commanders observe and assess battles in the warfare of the era. Adopted by the provisional Confederate Congress in February of 1861, this was the first of three national Confederate flags. Why wetlands are so critical for life on Earth, Rest in compost? Native American Flags. [48], The "Bonnie Blue Flag"an unofficial flag in 1861, The "Van Dorn battle flag" used in the Western theaters of operation, Flag of the Army of Northern Virginia or "Robert E. Lee Headquarters Flag", 7-star First national flag of the Confederate States Marine Corps, Flag of the 1st Cherokee Mounted Rifles, under General Stand Watie, The first battle flag of the Perote Guards (Company D, 1st Regiment Alabama Infantry). On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. [30] When Thompson received word the Congress had adopted the design with a blue stripe, he published an editorial on April 28 in opposition, writing that "the blue bar running up the center of the white field and joining with the right lower arm of the blue cross, is in bad taste, and utterly destructive of the symmetry and harmony of the design. Thus, there would have been 7 stars from 4 March 1861 until 7 May 1861, when Virginia became the 8th Confederate State by Act of Congress. From this bunting Ruskell assembled at least 43 flags, for which he was paid $11.50 each. The colors red, white and blue were symbolic of France, red and gold colors of Spain and 13 stripes of the United States. But how did the battle flag, also known as the Southern Cross, come to represent the Confederacy in the first place? Those inspired by the Stars and Stripes were discounted almost immediately by the Committee due to mirroring the Union's flag too closely. The Confederacy's first official national flag, often called the Stars and Bars, flew from March 4, 1861, to May 1, 1863. Eco-friendly burial alternatives, explained. This was replaced again in 2003 with a flag resembling the Stars and Bars. At the First Battle of Manassas, near Manassas, Virginia, the similarity between the "Stars and Bars" and the "Stars and Stripes" caused confusion and military problems. Across the South, Citizens Councils and the Ku Klux Klanflew the battle flag as they intimidated Black citizens. A rejected national flag design was also used as a battle flag by the Confederate Army and featured in the "Stainless Banner" and "Blood-Stained Banner" designs. Introduction: National Flags of the Confederacy . Our historical flags are unsurpassed in quality and authenticity. Even a few fourteen- and fifteen-starred ensigns were made to include states expected to secede but never completely joined the Confederacy. "Southern Confederacy" (Atlanta, Georgia), 5 Feb 1865, pg 2. In Texas, various lone star designs were used during the was for Texas Independence in 1836. The design of the Stars and Bars varied over the following two years. The first official use of the "Stainless Banner" was to drape the coffin of General Thomas J. The Confederate flag had three bars, red, white, red and a blue field with stars on it. LEE. The identification stuck, and the flags use proliferated. This is the actual Stars & Bars, first official flag of the Confederate States of America, specifically the 13-star version which flew from 1861 to 1863: Confederate Stars & Bars ( public domain) What is wind chill, and how does it affect your body? The stars are usually arranged in a circle and number seven or more. Battle Flags in the Trans-Mississippi Department, Battle Flags of the Army of Northern Virginia, Battle Flags of the Army of Tennessee, late 1863 to 1865, Photos and Images of Army of Tennessee Augusta Depot Battle Flags, Battle Flags of the Army of the Mississippi / Army of Tennessee, 1861 to late 1863, Battle Flags of the Army of the Peninsula, Battle Flags of the Confederate Department of Mississippi and East Louisiana, Battle Flags of the Department of South Carolina, Georgia and Florida, Secondary Flags of the Confederate States Army, Confederate States Navy Regulations Involving Flags, Navy Ensigns, Pennants, and Jacks, 1861-1863, Navy Ensigns, Pennants, and Jacks, 1863-1865. Sign In . Stars and bars may refer to: Stars and Bars (flag), the first (1861-1863) flag of the Confederate States of America Stars and Bars (1988 film), 1988 comedy starring Daniel Day-Lewis Stars and Bars (1917 film), 1917 silent film comedy directed by Victor Heerman [50][51][52] It is also known as the rebel flag, Dixie flag, and Southern cross. Activist and filmmaker Brittany "Bree" Newsome climbed a 30-foot pole outside of the South Carolina state capitol to remove the Confederate flag weeks after a shooting at a predominantly Black Charleston church in 2015. The 12th star represented Missouri. It is historically also known as Memorial Hall. One such 12-star flag resides in the collection of Richmond's Museum of the Confederacy and the other is in the Confederate Memorial Hall Museum in New Orleans. In 2015, the flag came roaring back into the national consciousness when a white supremacist killed nine churchgoers at the Emanuel AME Church in Charleston, South Carolina. The Confederate battle flag was born of necessity after the Battle of Bull Run. Miles described his rejected national flag design to Beauregard. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press. When the American Civil War broke out, the "Stars and Bars" confused the battlefield at the First Battle of Bull Run because of its similarity to the U.S. (or Union) flag, especially when it was hanging limp on its flagstaff. Many Confederates disliked the Stars and Bars, seeing it as symbolic of a centralized federal power against which the Confederate states claimed to be seceding.
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