[Figure 4-4], The description of the skill or behavior explains the desired outcome of the instruction. The most common types are the line graph and the bar graph. To be a teacher implies one has completed some type of formal training, has specialized knowledge, has been certified or validated in some way, and adheres to a set of standards of performance. The effectiveness of the instructional aid is critical for this process. Instead, instructors become supportive facilitators. Use flight deck technology in a safe and appropriate way, Be confident in a wide variety of flight situations, and, The teaching process organizes the material an instructor wishes to teach in such a way that the learner understands what is being taught. Keep in mind that it takes time to recall data, determine how to answer, or to think of an example, The more difficult the question, the more time the students need to answer. Effective use of drill and practice revolves around knowing what skill is being developed. The terrain is flat farmland with no published obstacles, What will he do now? Because improper pilot decisions cause a significant percentage of all accidents and the majority of fatal accidents in light single- and twin-engine aircraft, SBT challenges the student or transitioning pilot with a variety of flight scenarios with the goal of reducing accidents. Once the class has mastered the ability to compute weight and balance, Bob decides to give them the following scenario with the objective of teaching them how to reconfigure weight and balance in the real world. The mock-up may emphasize or highlight elements or components for learning and eliminate nonessential elements, Cut-aways, another type of model, are built in sections and can be taken apart to reveal the internal structure. Generally, instructional aids that are relatively simple are best suited for this purpose, In addition to helping students remember important information, instructional aids have other advantages. For example, Marks closest friends bought him a ticket for a playoff game at their alma mater and they paid him to rent an airplane. This, coupled with an inattentive viewing style, can diminish the instructional value of the CD or DVD, As is true for any instructional aid, instructors need to follow some basic guidelines when using CDs and DVDs. Other aids, which are usually more expensive, are projected materials, video, computerbased programs, and models, mock-ups, or cut-aways. Instructors should avoid questions that can be answered by short factual statements or yes or no responses and ask open-ended questions that are thought provoking and require more mental activity. Because the exact words to express an idea are spontaneous, the lecture is more personalized than one that is read or spoken from memory, Since the instructor talks directly to the students, their reactions can be readily observed, and adjustments can be made based on their responses. These programs typically allow the students to select a test, complete the questions, and find out how they did on the test. An aviation instructor needs to remember he or she is teaching a pilot or technician who should: Develop and exercise good judgment in making decisions, Adhere to prudent operating practices and personal operating parameters, and, Adhere to applicable laws and regulations. For example, there are several types of lectures, such as the illustrated talk where the speaker relies heavily on visual aids to convey ideas to the listeners. Since most aviation training is at the understanding level of learning or higher, questions should require students to grasp concepts, explain similarities and differences, and to infer cause-and-effect relationships, Planning a guided discussion is similar to planning a lecture. An interim summary reinforces learning in relation to a specific learning outcome. The interim summary may be omitted after discussing the last learning outcome when it is more expedient for the instructor to present the first part of the conclusion. We've gotten all sophisticated over the years and refer to that sort of thing as flight maneuvering tasks. by Before leaving this phase, the instructor should encourage students to ask questions about any step of the procedure that they do not understand, The instructor must show students the actions necessary to perform a skill. It is extremely expensive, and versions with a head-mounted display sometimes produce unfavorable side effects, For those engaged in aviation training, the challenge is staying abreast of technological changes that apply to training and adopting those that are the most useful and cost effective. Major airlines have highlevel flight simulators that are so realistic that transitioning crews meet all qualifications in the flight simulator. Once a determination of objectives and standards has been made, an instructor formulates a plan of action to lead students through the course in a logical manner toward the desired goal. In the opening scenario, students performed a task (weight and balance computation) as a group, and prior to terminating the performance phase, they were allowed to independently complete the task at least once with supervision and coaching as necessary, In this phase, the instructor judges student performance. Students can answer the second question by merely saying "Denver," but the first question is likely to start a discussion of air density, engine efficiency, and the effect of temperature on performance, It is the instructors responsibility to help students prepare themselves for the discussion. Professional instructors should not limit their objectives to meeting only the published requirements for pilot or AMT certification, Instructional objectives should also extend beyond those listed in official publications. The informal lecture includes active student participation. As little extraneous activity as possible should be included in the demonstration if students are to clearly understand the instructor is accurately performing the actions previously explained. The instructor should treat everyone impartially, encourage questions, exercise patience and tact, and comment on all responses. More information on enhanced training materials is presented in chapter 6, Traditional aids in this group include slides, filmstrips, and transparencies for overhead projection. Participants in a class may be located on different continents, yet share the same teaching experience. Thus, the instructor provides assistance, reinforcement, and answers for those who need it most, In this situation, the CAL should still be considered as an add-on instructional aid to improve traditional classroom instruction. Applicants must be able to read the examination questions in either English or French without assistance. Well-designed programs allow students to feel as if they are in control of what they are learning and how fast they learn it. By being well prepared, an effective instructor presents and applies lesson material, and also periodically assesses how well the learner is learning. The established criteria or standards to determine whether the training has been adequate are the passing of knowledge and practical tests required by 14 CFR for the issuance of pilot certificates. On the other hand, an independent instructor may have considerable latitude, but limited resources. Careful preparation is one key to successful performance as a classroom lecturer. Students in these centers are often monitored by a teachers aide or other trained personnel who can provide guidance, answer questions, and act as a conduit to the instructor who is responsible for the training. With this arrangement, each point leads logically to and serves as a reminder of the next. B. want to escape from frustrating situations. Successful instructors teach their students not only how, but also why and when. The instructor needs to keep up with the discussion and know when to intervene with questions or redirect the groups focus. For example, a laboratorytype environment may be configured with separate study areas for each student. Someone who teaches is, of course, a teacher or, for the purposes of this handbook, an instructor. In many cases, this type of supplemental training media may be reproduced in a format for projection on a screen or other clear surface, Charts, diagrams, and graphs include any printed material which gives information in tabular form. One cautionthe instructional aid should keep student attention on the subject; it should not be a distracting gimmick, Clearly, a major goal of all instruction is for the student to be able to retain as much knowledge of the subject as possible, especially the key points. In its basic form, CAL is a combination of more than one instructional media, such as audio, text, graphics, and video (or film) usually shown on a PC, With CAL, the roles of both student and instructor change. Assessment is explored in more detail in chapter 5, Instructional aids are devices that assist an instructor in the teaching-learning process. Through discussion, the students develop an understanding of the subject by sharing knowledge, experiences, and backgrounds. In preparing questions, the instructor should remember that the purpose is to stimulate discussion, not merely to get answers. The most basic stepping stones to be traversed by a student pilot going after a certificate involve figuring out where she or he wants the airplane to go and learning the monkey motion involved in causing it to go there. Finally, lectures may be combined with other teaching methods to give added meaning and direction, The lecture method of teaching needs to be very flexible since it may be used in different ways. In many cases, visual symbols and slogans can replace in-depth explanations. Next, explain and demonstrate the steps involved in performing the skill being taught. Instructional aids should also be reviewed to determine whether their use is feasible in the training environment and whether they are appropriate for the students. The controller directed the pilot to two different nearby airports, but both were below minimums. The pilot attempted four unsuccessful approaches with the controllers talking him through each approach. The following four steps should be followed in the planning phase of preparation: Establishing the objective and desired outcomes, In all stages of preparing for the teaching lecture, the instructor should support any point to be covered with meaningful examples, comparisons, statistics, or testimony. If necessary, a public address system can be used to amplify the speakers voice. The description should be in concrete terms that can be measured. Rehearsals, or dry runs, help smooth out the mechanics of using notes, visual aids, and other instructional devices. Overlays can also be cut into various shapes and moved about in relation to the base transparency. The video adds a multimedia element to the lecture, is a good attention getter, and can be used to visually demonstrate the learning objective, Even the most knowledgeable instructor must properly organize the material. If the applicant has a medical condition affecting his or her ability to demonstrate that he or she meets the FAA AELS, the flight instructor discontinues the process and refers the individual to the FSDO and the appropriate FAA medical As such, they serve as guides or resource experts and circulate among students who are working individually or in small groups. | Privacy Policy | Terms of Service | Sitemap | Patreon | Contact, Aviation Instructors Handbook (4-1) The Teaching Process, Teaching methods will depend on the teaching style of the instructor and the learning style of the student, By using a combination of teaching methods (lecture, group learning, and discussion) and instructional aids (audio/visual and handouts), Bob achieves his instructional objective, which is for the students to learn how to compute weight and balance. a flight instructor demonstrates their coaching ability bywho killed dr john yelenic. Therefore, it is essential that the information be arranged in useful bits or chunks for effective coding, rehearsal, or recording. The instructor's role is to instill and eventually evaluate the comprehension and ability of the pilot in pursuit of a certification, rating, or license. If Class D, E, and G airspace are the only airspace types being utilized by a student, save the discussion of A, B, and C airspace until they have operating familiarity with the other types. The aids should be concentrated on the key points. The flight instructor serves as the link between dreaming of a career in the sky and becoming a skilled pilot.
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