ap style bulleted lists capitalization veterinary ophthalmologist santa barbara June 22, 2022 flood banks advantages and disadvantages montana national guard jobs ap style bulleted lists capitalization veterinary ophthalmologist santa barbara June 22, 2022 flood banks advantages and disadvantages montana national guard jobs ap style bulleted lists Do use a comma before the last item in a series when it contains items with and/or. The listing below reflects a few departures from Associated Press (AP) style typically used in Johns Hopkins' web and print text, as well as other style points that, while they are not departures from AP style, require special attention. The top tabs allow you to select which style of capitalization you want to use. For a list of short items, there is no need to punctuate each point. (After reading this) .. For more AP style tips, watch Grammar Girls Beginning and Intermediate Guide to AP Style any time. Find it. AP flags such cases atop the story with an editor's note. hbbd```b``"A$dH\8'$XM7"$c[D& j@H2w 2+: Memorize the AP abbreviations. Numbered, lettered, and bulleted lists. Content style guide Capitalization As part of our plain language style, we use sentence capitalization as the standard on VA.gov, with a few exceptions. [M zmp0&BLp$UPd67Z9Ha{0gPY "nG~h%rls 'wdt;:^2i+>f9V%EQ)j2"^e\KP"TiNc-((V A&N+E}E;SnIP A: Normally staff is a collective taking a singular verb, Spelling (one word or two; hyphenation; noun phrases; prefixes; suffixes), Titles (academic; courtesy; professional; military; occupational; political; religious). The Gregg Reference Manual uses periods only after bullets that are dependent clauses and long phrases. A: Eight states are never abbreviated in datelines or text: Alaska, Hawaii, Idaho, Iowa, Maine, Ohio, Texas and Utah. Capitalize the first word following the dash or bullet. Read this and other articles on English grammar, mechanics, and usage at Get It Write. A: AP uses the numeral for acres, even when less than 10, as a dimension: 5 acres. In AP style, headlines capitalize the first word, proper names, or proper abbreviations, verbs, pronouns, adjectives, and adverbs. Bulleted lists are covered in Section 6.52 of the APA Publication Manual, Seventh Edition. A: a month's confinement, per the QUASI POSSESSIVES section of the "possessives" entry. Take a digital photo of a family member. AP uses dashes, not bullets, for lists in news stories that follow a colon. If you have a list of full sentences or a list with a mix of full sentences and fragments we suggest capitalizing the first letter in each item. In business writing, capitalize the first letter of bullet lists. A: Lowercase for post-traumatic stress disorder, or PTSD, hepatitis C, etc. Whether using bullets or numbers, vertical lists can be tricky. Some style manuals, such as the AP Stylebook and APA Publication Manual, recommend capitalizing an independent clause after a colon. We could also write this list with commas instead of semicolons. And, as a guideline, wed suggest punctuating bullet points as follows: However, this again comes down to preference and your chosen style guide. Home Style and Grammar Guidelines Lists Lists Just as heading structure alerts readers to the order of ideas in a paper, lists help readers understand a related set of key points within a sentence or paragraph. This is the fourth in a six-part series. Punctuating every introduction with a colon and every list item with a period regardless of other structural issues (such as complete versus incomplete introductory sentences and list-item formatting) could potentially decrease flow and readability. Again, style guides dont agree.]. Again, these will depend on the specific style you choose (see Title Capitalization Rules by Style section). Writing, phrasing, usage (word choice; clarity; subjunctive mood; ethnic-racial; profanity; slang ). Q: Is clarity essentially the only rule determining when a serial comma should be included? Titles. The following example demonstrates this format as well as how to include a citation for the information in the bulleted list. Very helpful stuff! Lowercase the second word after a hyphenated prefix (e.g., Mid-, Anti-, Super-, etc.) Use periods, not semicolons, at the end of each section or a phrase. This is clear, but AP doesnt fully address when to omit a period at the end of each bullet. 1 ). 7. When to Use a Colon With Capitalization: The puppy left a trail of destroyed items in his wake: shredded papers, mangled stuffed animals and what looked like the remains of a shoe. The Gregg Reference Manual(Sabin). In general, the following capitalization rules apply across the four styles in title case: Important words in that last bullet generally refer to: Title case is the most common title capitalization for book titles, headlines, articles titles, etc. To create a bulleted list, use the bulleted list function of your word-processing program. Chicago Style is one of the most used and respected headline capitalization methods used in journalism. 4.24.14 AP style rules on state abbreviations updated. I like oranges. AP editor Paula Froke fields questions of widest interest posed by subscribers to the online AP Stylebook. This will convert your text to uppercase. These include short words and conjunctions: The other major type of title capitalization standard is sentence case. In bulleted and numbered lists, do not use a period or other punctuation after titles or phrases that are not complete sentences (also good for accessibility). The following rules apply to MLA headings: AP style capitalization is mainly used by writers for the Associated Press but is also used widely throughout journalism. After each dash, capitalize the first letter and use periods at the end of each section. Vacuum windowsills and corners with a vacuum hose. Thanks! This creates anew layer of confusion on how to use capitalization and punctuation in such lists. This is why capitalization of items that make up a list of bullet points is sometimes a matter of style. Fax: 205-921-5595 2131 Military Street S Hamilton, AL 35570 View Location But if you're following AP style, chances are you're overusing those big letters. Does this help? A: corporate (adj.) Capitalize the first word in each bullet. A: AP uses dashes, not bullets, for lists in news stories that follow a colon. A: We follow Webster's on that term, which is lowercase. Try it with these examples and see if the period makes more sense. Were so programmed to capitalize only proper nouns and the first word of acomplete sentence that it almost seems wrong to capitalize single words and phrases. 48 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<8DCDC806A06A984EB23F9AC6F5FBCE2C><8DCDC806A06A984EB23F9AC6F5FBCE2C>]/Index[28 32]/Info 27 0 R/Length 99/Prev 782230/Root 29 0 R/Size 60/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream Erin Wright, 20122023. Q: Which states are never abbreviated in datelines? If you want to, you can press Enter on your keyboard or click the Copy button next to the text box to copy the text to your clipboard. You can quickly convert your text or title to all caps by selecting the UPPER button on the tool. A: Veterans benefits, lowercase and not a possessive, is usually a descriptive term. They look good. If the bulleted text is a whole sentence, uppercase the initial letter of the first word and use a period to conclude the paragraph (see "Lists, Part 5: Bulleted Lists" in the APA Style Blog . Do you capitalize the first word of a bullet point? Careful punctuation also reflects thought and care. When a vertical list follows a full sentence, introduce it with a colon. 2-5 p.m.) and when to use the word "to"? Alternatively, you can use our tool to convert text from lowercase to uppercase by clicking the UPPER button. If checked, quotes will be output as straight quotes. In our latest quarterly roundup of AP Style reminders, we cover back-to-school terms, travel terminology, and more. To help, weve prepared a guide to punctuating and capitalizing bullet points. Also, please note that ads, brochures and legal contracts may require some deviation from these guidelines. How about Civil Rights Movement? is lowercase. Thanks for the tips. Certainly, your business writings substance and information are far more critical than exacting punctuation that technically is neither correct nor incorrect since style guides vary. Q: Is it staff has or staff have? It is the same across all of the four styles. Bullets normally preface unordered list items.7. Lowercase the second word in a hyphenated compound when it is a prefix or suffix (e.g., Anti-itch,world-wide) or part of a single word. This article is a summary of AP style. These aren't always the same abbreviations the mail carrier uses. Q: When referring to your company in internal (or external) communications, which is correct: Corporate or corporate? First, it is important to note that there are four main title capitalization styles: Chicago style, APA style, MLA style, and AP style. For example, here is a summary of the instructions to write a standard 5 paragraph essay. But here are a few things you might not realize are actually lowercase in AP style. Do you need a colon to introduce a list? Title case is also commonly used for book titles, movies titles, song names, plays, and other works. Dont use a period after bullet lists that are not complete sentences or do not complete the opening stem sentence. No italics. the proper name, do not capitalize. Government, including federal government and U.S. government. The Gregg Reference Manual uses periods only after bullets that are dependent clauses and long phrases. Q: Why is atheist not capitalized while Catholics, Muslims, Buddhists, etc., are? Capitalize the first word of the title/heading and of any subtitle/subheading, Capitalize all major words (nouns, verbs including. Q: How about using e- as a prefix for new terms in the tech and business worlds? Start each list item with a capital letter, unless case is an important part of the information conveyed by the listsuch as in a list of glossary terms. Numbered and unnumbered lists are more commonly used in scholarly publications. APA allows the use of bulleted lists with or without punctuation. Capitalization and end punctuation depend on the type of list and the contents of the list. AP style capitalization is mainly used by writers for the Associated Press but is also used widely throughout journalism. A: Use "that" for a thing, "who" for the personal pronoun, although "that" also fits some human references. Capitalize the important words in the title, Subordinating conjunctions (when fewer than 5 letters), Coordinating Conjunctions (and, but, for), Capitalize nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs (including. Bulleted Lists: APA uses bulleted lists to avoid the perception of importance/priority connotated in numbered lists. Watch your title convert case and be automatically capitalized! These are perfectly acceptable, and some style guides suggest writing lists like this. See APA 7, Section 6.52 for examples and more information. Lowercase and spell out when not used with an individual name: The president issued a statement. This is usually done when each list entry finishes an introductory phrase, as shown below: Subscribe to our newsletter and get writing tips from our editors straight to your inbox. Thanks for the catch! Thanks for the comment, Anna. It makes it easier for your reader. I love traveling to Ireland because of its: [AP, Garner, and Gregg use the colon here. With this format, use commas after each list item and on the next-to-last list, item use the word and close the list with a . Now check your email to confirm your subscription for My Blog Editor blog alerts. %%EOF 'I hope this email finds you well:' Emailing During the Pandemic, Business Grammar: Pronoun Antecedent Errors, Use a period or other full stop after every bullet that is a sentence. Published: November 13, 2012 Updated: August 22, 2020. Colon Capitalize the first word after a colon only if it is a proper noun orFile Size: KB. For a series of complex terms, though, use commas after each for clarity. We wont send you spam. When writing a list, ensure all items are syntactically and conceptually parallel. 5 simple story types to fill out your editorial calendar, A quick refresher on using minor punctuation marks in AP style, 8 tips on writing and editing from Jerry Seinfeld. Example: You will need to present the following information: Your driver's license. Use a rubber glove to twist the lid off. Bonus: We have some great shortcuts to make your life easier. Thank you, Sarah! Considering those rules, these hyphenated words would all be correctly capitalized in titles: In the list above, up, in, on, off, and out are adverbs-not prepositions. Because AP recommends the colon and AP is the preferred business writing style guide, I recommend using it consistently in your business writing. It's like APA style in that you capitalize the first word after a colon if it's the start of at least one complete sentence. For more specific title capitalization rules, you can see the following sections which cover each style of title capitalization rules or check out our FAQs for common capitalization questions. Now we have bullets. Q: Veteran's Benefits, Veterans Benefits or Veterans' Benefits? No periods on the end of a list of bullets unless its more than one sentence. Q. Bulleted lists help make information more scannable and easier to understand. Your email address will not be published. Symbols such as small circles, squares, dashes, and so forth may be used for the bullets. Capitalize every word in the headline; the main subhead is a complete sentence with a period. The default rule is to lowercase words unless theres a reason they should be uppercase. Capitalize the first and the last word of titles and subtitles. However, most people now leave out the extra punctuation. Capitalize the first word of the title/heading and of any subtitle/subheading. Punctuation You can learn more in the Title Capitalization Rules by Style section. You can also use a colon after a partial sentence. For MBA, AP Style don [t use periods. A: Lowercase the compass point - central Louisiana -- unless it's a widely known section, as in Southern California or South Florida. - Put a space between the dash or bullet and the first word of each item in the list. Zip Airline offers The Chicago Manual of Style has pages of rules and examples of bullet lists that agree with the Garner style recommendation to use semicolons after each item, use and after the next-to-last-item, and use a period at the end of the last item. Now we have bullets. My name is Erin. - Use periods, not semicolons, at the end of each section. The Copyeditors Handbook (Einsohn). How about AP? Some guiding principles behind AP style are: Consistency Clarity Accuracy Brevity AP style also aims to avoid stereotypes and unintentionally offensive language. According to APA, racial and ethnic groups are designated by proper nouns and Get your free sample back in 3 to 6 hours! Sentence case simply means you capitalize the first letter of a sentence, proper nouns, and nothing else as opposed to capitalizing almost every first letter in title case. Write it. Unsubscribe at any time. Instead, texts like The Canadian Style (2nd ed., 1997) offer guidelines for styling bulleted lists, some of which strike some writers (this one, for instance) as needlessly complicated. The Best 2023 AP Style Cheat Sheet Every Writer Needs (Free Download) Ben Sailer Content. 7.2.15 New section added on when to capitalize names of degree programs. Capitalization Begin each item in a list with a capital letter unless there's a reason not to (for example, it's a command that's always lowercase). Bulleted lists can be used with complete sentences, phrases, or a combination. EPA follows the AP rule after the dash or bullet: capitalize the first letter and use periods at the end of each section. If the elements are complex, uses commas for all. Why wouldnt you want to add a list to your work? They are also written without terminal punctuation (i.e., they dont end in a period, comma, colon, or semicolon).9. You have multiple options to capitalize and change the case of your titles, headlines, song titles, book titles, email subjects, and more. When do Icapitalize the first letter in abulleteditem? Below are examples of vertical listswhich may be unnumbered, numbered, or bulletedand how to introduce, punctuate, and capitalize them. AP Style calls for periods after each bullet point, but Texas A&M House Style allows either periods or no periods - just pick one and be consistent. This option is helpful for complex or longer bulleted sentences that may be more difficult to read without the aid . Lowercase the second word in a compound modifier (e.g., Mid-year or On-site). Q: Do you capitalize a conjunction in a headline? Numbers One through nine are spelled out, 10 and above are figures (Arabic numerals). All style guides agree to capitalize the first letter of the bullet list unless you opt for the "vertical lists punctuated as a sentence" format using semicolons, illustrated above. It is intended as a guide to common PR Team style and . Other terminology (business; food and beverages; legal and justice; medical; ethnic and nationality; politics; religion ). And consistency goes a long way in creating clear, credible content. Although a little old-fashioned, some people like to use semicolons or commas in lists. A: In AP headline style, only the first word and proper nouns are capped. Q: A months confinement or a month's confinement? I was a fan until I realized it wasn't AP Style, all hail AP Style Honorable mention a.m. and p.m. - That's how they're used. RULE: Use periods after independent clauses, dependent clauses, or long phrases that are displayed on separate lines in alist. Follow the same capitalization rules you would follow for normal sentences. However, in lists of bullet points, the beginning of a point is also indicated by space and the item marker (whether a bullet, a number, or a letter). Bulleted lists are appropriate when presenting a list of items in no particular order. TITLES While the APs guidelines on this issue are straightforward and easy to remember, they are designed for news publications dealing with limited space and the technical limitations of news wire transmissions. A: AP lowercases wine varietals such as cabernet sauvignon and chardonnay, and caps regional names such as Bordeaux, Sauternes and Chablis. Thank you for subscribing to our newsletter! In AP style, the word that begins the list or series should generally only be capitalized if it is a proper noun. AP and Chicago Manual of Style - capitalize initial word and use periods after sentence list items. This guidance has been expanded from the 6th edition. The rule of thumb in AP style is that things should be lowercased unless a rule indicates that theyre upper. Navigating the not-so-hidden treasures of the APA Style website. In this tutorial, well explore guidelines for how to write vertical lists. Gently tap the lid against a hard surface. Finally, should you capitalize the first letter of each entry in a vertical list? AP Stylebook recommends: "Capitalize the first word following the dash or bullet. You're not "piling on." Bulleted lists: Capitalize the first letter after the bullet. Style Bullets Capitalize the first letter after a bullet. So many choices to make! A: Always use figures for people, animals and objects: 3-year-old house. To illustrate the example, youd sayI voted on election day because I want my candidate to win. I voted on election day because I like to exercise my right to vote. I voted on election day because I believe every vote counts.. Asthma or some allergies. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); You can also upload a document to get an instant quote. Here is a sampling of frequently asked questions, with examples of AP style used in answers. Infants often display prosocial behaviorthat is, behavior intended to help otherswhen interacting with their parents, as demonstrated in the following examples (Hammond & Drummond, 2019): If bulleted items are words or phrases (but not complete sentences), begin each item with a lowercase letter (except words such as proper nouns). If nothing else, your writing will be consistent. There are two options for the punctuation of bulleted lists when the items are words or phrases. AP follows two broad rules for capitalization: Common names are not capitalized unless part of a proper name (the river vs. the Thames River). (AP Style reminds writers that it is still correct to use bullets if preferred.) By far, this is the most vexing punctuation issue! Example: Hampton, Va. See the stylebook for specific abbreviations. Avoid a mix. I the word Cocaine supposed to be capitalized? 2003-2022 Judy Vorfeld's Office Support Services. Ordered vertical lists have, you guessed it, an order. This will automatically indent the list as well. Example 1: The capitalization rules are as follows: NY Times style capitalization is mainly used by writers for the NY Times but is also used widely throughout journalism. The huge difference is that AP colon rules allow you to use a colon after a sentence fragment. A: A partial spelling with hyphens in place of some letters would convey the meaning. DO NOT capitalize plural words even when part of a proper name (e.g. Only use it to avoid ambiguity, if part of the series contains a conjunction or if you have a complex series of phrases. Welcome to Ask the Editor, a forum on writing, style and phrasing issues that go beyond the pages of the AP Stylebook. Of course, youll want to keep using capitals for all the basics: the beginning of every sentence, proper nouns like names and specific locations, days of the week and months. However, you can omit the colon when a list follows a partial sentence. Birth certificate . $;$ExRp" e8CQiQYgKdIw lP"1C[;d,|xk0:[#.kvZ|{wY14\.wCzb`*,a`FK{GQfl!hie "h9e tI*2$"/'O6\a>Zb=01fD?`ZTX7w$\a +!F7X o7N| *&Rp oTF G6eKeJ22N Mb[$er6_oZkh:.jFeX^Lu}]/E.tesv!8;>pi0B@09]l}llx| V:2`zXoyQ% 'w Quickly convert your title or text to sentence case by simply clicking the Sentence case button in the tool above. The key thing is applying a clear and consistent punctuation style to all lists. (CMS) and the Associated Press Stylebook (AP style) are what writers typically use. Q: Should the names of decades be capitalized when written out? Q: Do music groups take singular verbs, as do collective nouns, or plural verbs, as with sports teams? Creating a free account also gives you access to historical stylebooks, writing guidelines and handbooks produced by The Associated Press, dating back to June 1900. Capitalize major words, e.g. You can also use this tool to do it automatically. This means you must CHECK to find out the proper name!) Mr. Heckle and Mr. Jeckle enjoy several feline activities: Like ordered lists, unordered lists that are part of an incomplete introductory sentence are lowercased and punctuated as if each item was inside the sentence.10, People who grew up in the 1980s watched a lot of television, including, The Associated Press Stylebook (AP style) recommends prefacing unordered lists with dashes instead of bullets, although bullets are an acceptable choice for some publications.AP style also recommends punctuating complete and incomplete introductory sentences with a colon and capitalizing the first word in each list item as well as punctuating each list item with a period even if the item is an incomplete sentence.11. Over 1.5 million copies sold! endstream endobj 29 0 obj <> endobj 30 0 obj <>/Border[0 0 0]/Rect[603 407.25 648 420.75]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>><>/Border[0 0 0]/Rect[270.75 387.75 315.75 401.25]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>><>/Border[0 0 0]/Rect[281.25 368.25 318.75 381.75]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>>]/Contents[34 0 R 35 0 R 36 0 R 37 0 R 38 0 R 39 0 R 41 0 R 42 0 R]/CropBox[0 0 792 612]/MediaBox[0 0 792 612]/Parent 26 0 R/Resources<>/Font<>/ProcSets[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI]/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/Type/Page>> endobj 31 0 obj <>stream Note however that it is not wrong to capitalize a sentence or clause after a colon. Theyre easy to read. Should the opening stem sentence end with a colon to introduce the bullet lists or use no colon? . AP style is actually not capitalized, though AP Stylebook is. 6. Lists Introduced with a Complete Sentence Use all sentences or all. Chicago Manual of Style does not. A: AP doesn't use italics in news stories. To draw visual attention to items in a list without implying that items go in a certain order (e.g., chronology, importance, priority), use a bulleted list. Its all about readability. STATES: Abbreviate state names when listed after a city. Please try again. As with so many things in the English language, capitalization with colons can be complex, and many times, it's more of a style issue than one of correctness. Its visually cluttered, impeding easy scan. endstream endobj 32 0 obj <>stream These might seem like confusing rules with too many exceptions, but youre always welcome to homebrew your own style rules. 8. . To make peace with periods in a list, think of the entire list (including the lead-in word or phrase) as several sentences (all of which need a period at the end). Next, read the lead-in word or phrase again followed by the second item on the list. I am a technical writer and editor who shares writing-related software tutorials on this website and on YouTube.
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