de Roux A, Cavalcanti M, Marcos MA, et al. This helps keep out germs. Among the uses for aloe vera include acne, burns, and rashes. Intermountain Healthcare: Chronic Wounds., Mayo Clinic: Cuts and Scrapes: First Aid, Burns: First Aid., Familydoctor.org: First Aid: Cuts, Scrapes, and Stitches., Seattle Childrens Hospital: Skin Injury.. Empiric trials of opioids were attempted in order to determine if the patient was experiencing pain, but again this strategy did not seem to improve the patients neurocognitive function. Using honey and essential oils in a homemade wound-healing salve. If you are a Mayo Clinic patient, this could Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. 2011). True, but when the alcohol is able to penetrate your skin, e.g. when you have a cut, it gets in contact with your vanilloid receptors-1 (VR1). These are heat-gated receptors that normally get activated when the temperature rises above 42 C, sending a painful sensation to prevent tissue damage by overheating. Tang Y, Banan A, Forsyth CB, et al. If you or your child gets a cut, scrape, or burn, its important to clean the wound properly right away to prevent infection. Chronic ethanol intake can also affect skin T cells in mouse models. Rinsing the wound well under running tap water (the more the better) works just fine after the removal of all debris and dirt with tweezers sterilized from alcohol. You may find rubbing alcohol and hydrogen peroxide useful to keep on hand at home. (2016). When the skin is broken, even during surgery, germs can enter and cause infection. Clean your hands using soap and water or hand sanitizer, then put on disposable gloves, if possible. Always cover large wounds. Rochester, Minn.: Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research; 2010. OBrien JM, Jr, Lu B, Ali NA, et al. Early physicians recognized since the 1800s that alcohol produced not only impairment of the senses but also higher predisposition for tuberculosis. See additional information. information is beneficial, we may combine your email and website usage information with 2012). Rubbing alcohol and hydrogen peroxide are two of the most common. Role of endotoxin in the hypermetabolic state after acute ethanol exposure. Furthermore, dermal T17 cells have decreased interleukin-17 production following administration of the immunosuppressive drug anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody (Parlet and Schlueter 2013). Furthermore, acute respiratory distress syndrome, which carries a mortality greater than 30 percent, is more common among patients with AUD who experience sepsis (Moss et al. He reported a history of hypertension, smoking half a pack to one pack of cigarettes per day, and drinking four to six beers per day. She has experience in primary care and hospital medicine. For more than a century, physicians have noticed that alcohol produces abnormalities in the host defenses. Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Ely EW, Shintani A, Truman B, et al. Phytochemicals and naturally derived substances for wound healing. Luckily, if you do happy to acquire a scar that you are unhappy with, there are scar therapy products that can be purchased online or through your physician. However, they can sometimes become infected. Not all herbs and other natural remedies are known to help treat infected wounds. Although human skin differs in cellular components compared with other mammalian species, mouse models of skin infection and alcohol consumption have helped researchers understand alcohols damaging effects on the skin. Zinc is another important element impaired by alcohol intake. It can easily damage the skin. information highlighted below and resubmit the form. 2001, 2003). This review will focus mainly on mucosal lung immunity of the lower airways. http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/injuries-poisoning/lacerations/lacerations?qt=cuts%20and%20scrapes&sc=&alt=sh. 2014). In the human epidermis, by contrast, + and + T cells (mostly V1, a subset of gamma delta cells) are represented equally. Alcohol-attributable deaths and years of potential life lost11 States, 20062010. 2004). Harshness. Then you need to gently pat it dry and cover it with fresh dressing as instructed by your doctor. Despite the high prevalence of these disorders among critically ill patients, only limited data are available to aid physicians in managing this patient cohort so as to optimize patient outcome (Awissi et al. It may even decrease pain. (2018). Both mesenteric lymph nodes and Peyers patches lymphocytes, important immune system components, were decreased from day 3 to day 7 in the alcohol-fed mice group, compared with the pair-fed and chow controls. 2008). Moreover, alcohol activates nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases upon oxidative stress in the alveolar macrophages. I never use peroxide, alcohol, or iodine, etc. If The first is to use rubbing alcohol to clean wounds in an attempt to prevent Ranzer MJ, Chen L, DiPietro LA. Heres how to do it in five easy steps. Step 4. Are you familiar with rubbing alcohol and hydrogen peroxide? This will slow your healing. WebMD does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Verywell Health's content is for informational and educational purposes only. However, after approximately 7 days, the patient was more alert and cooperative, but it was not clear what led to the improvement. Wounds.Hydrogen peroxide is commonly used for cleaning out a fresh sore. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Handling injuries: From small cuts to serious wounds. American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology. She has experience in primary care and hospital medicine. Thank you, {{form.email}}, for signing up. 18. The increase in miR-155 among alcohol-exposed primates was inversely correlated with the production of immune cell-signaling proteins (i.e., cytokines) by colonic T cells. The site is secure. This step applies only if the wound is bleeding. The observation that alcoholic patients have predisposition to viral infections like cytomegalovirus (Arase et al. Awissi DK, Lebrun G, Coursin DB, et al. You may consider doing a patch test beforehand if you have a ragweed allergy. Still, hydrogen peroxide is not as effective generally as other antiseptics can be. This subtype has been involved with predisposition to cytomegalovirus infections in a mouse model. American Journal of Physiology and Gastrointestinal Liver Physiology. Give us a call at 800.322.3729, and we will be happy to provide additional details on these programs. Furthermore, endotoxin, which is produced by Gram-negative organisms, was increased in serum as early as 30 minutes after alcohol ingestion and persisted at high levels for 3 hours after ingestion. By clicking Accept All Cookies, you agree to the storing of cookies on your device to enhance site navigation, analyze site usage, and assist in our marketing efforts. The CDC and FDA have determined rubbing alcohol to be safe and effective for operations on peoples skin. Staph is a type of germ (bacteria) that can cause infections almost anywhere in the body. . It is associated with increased risk for Staphylococcus aureus infection, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Vibrium vulnificus. Schneider C, Nobs SP, Kurrer M, et al. Zhang H, Meadows GG. Rubbing alcohol on its own can be harsh on the finishes of objects you apply Wang H, Li X, Wang C, et al. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies After 16 hours the scientists noticed that the saliva treated "wound" was almost completely closed. This will The mechanisms include increases in microRNA miR-212 levels, which decrease gene expression within the zonula occludens, resulting in increases to miR-155 that produce intestinal inflammation. Well show you, An open wound is an injury involving an external or internal break in your body tissue, usually involving the skin. WebHarshness. A dynamic flux in natural killer cell subsets as a function of the duration of alcohol ingestion. other information we have about you. The first is to use rubbing alcohol to clean wounds in an attempt to prevent them from becoming infected. When applied to an open wound, rubbing alcohol can cause tissue Seek medical attention right away if: Stitches are usually needed for cuts longer than inch. Furthermore, chronic alcohol intake increases tissue-specific microRNA miR-155, which contributes to alcohol-induced small bowel inflammation and alteration of gut barrier integrity in mouse small intestine. 2003), compared with patients with no history of alcohol use. Induction of the nuclear receptor PPAR-gamma by the cytokine GM-CSF is critical for the differentiation of fetal monocytes into alveolar macrophages. 2014). Disinfectant, Cotton balls with Disinfectant, Alcohol Wipes, etc Zombie Infection: . Proper wound care: How to minimize a scar. PHYSICIANS AND MEDICAL PROFESSIONALS: REFER OR RESELL? Alcohol can irritate the skin and also cause damage to skin tissue. Cleaning a Wound With Hydrogen Peroxide or Rubbing Alcohol Is Best 1 All rights reserved. Natural remedies for the treatment of wounds and wound infection. Alcohol also isn't really suited for wound disinfection. Most tissues produce specific microRNAs, and an increasing amount of research over the last 10 years supports their role in protein expression and regulation. In vitro studies have shown that acute exposure for 2 to 4 hours of Caco-2 cells (human colon adenocarcinoma cell line) to 43 mM of alcohol increased CYP2E1, which correlated with higher intestinal permeability (measured by trans-electrical epithelial resistance). A chest X-ray revealed dense alveolar consolidation of the right lung base. 2010). As early as the late 1800s, scientists performed studies to determine how ethanol produced detrimental effects in humans. Fort Healthcare Wound and Edema Center. Applications such as Dermabond and Steri-strips may fall off prematurely if they are exposed to alcohol, peroxide, lotion, or scrubbing. Although the patients clinical condition improved, his neurocognitive function did not. Bouchery EE, Harwood HJ, Sacks JJ, et al. You should never apply alcohol to a wound to disinfect the skin. 2014). Intracellular zinc levels and phagocytic activity were improved when alveolar macrophages were treated with Zinc and procysteine, a glutathione precursor (Mehta et al. All rights reserved. It may help heal minor wounds to prevent infections, and is sometimes applied as an alternative to bandages and other skin dressings. The authors declare that they have no competing financial interests. With greater awareness of these mechanisms, researchers and clinicians will have a better understanding of how alcohol affects the human immune system, leading to the eventual development of new strategies to reduce adverse outcomes in the affected population. But they shouldn't be your go-to DIY antiseptic. Next, haloperidol, an antipsychotic, was administered to control agitation and perhaps aided in management of delirium. Szabo G. Gut-liver axis in alcoholic liver disease. Elevate (raise) the affected part, if possible. The alcohol-exposed group had a smaller percentage of immunity-boosting TNF-+ cluster of differentiation 8 (CD8+) cells in the layer of intestinal tissue beneath the epithelium (i.e., lamina propria) compared with nonalcohol-exposed animals (Asquith et al. Ethanol-induced changes in peripheral blood and splenic natural killer cells. Jennifer Whitlock, RN, MSN, FNP-C, is a board-certified family nurse practitioner. Honey is one of the most widely studied natural remedies by clinical researchers, according to a 2012 research review. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. A 2016 research review showed that during in vitro studies, marigold (calendula) stimulated collagen, as well as antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity. Signs of infection, Paper cuts are common on parts of the body with a lot of nerve endings. If you have a cut on your face thats inch or longer, a doctor may close it with surgical glue or sutures. You also should avoid using rubbing alcohol or hydrogen peroxide on both infected and noninfected wounds. A 3% hydrogen peroxide solution, which is what youll find in the store, works well on many surfaces. Additionally, we offer professional pricing if you opt to retail our products. Skip this step for Ballas ZK, Cook RT, Shey MR, Coleman RA. However, while turmeric has been widely studied in animals, theres a lack of human studies that have looked at its role in wounds, according to a 2012 research review. de Wit M, Wan SY, Gill S, et al. These data suggested that even acute episodes of alcohol intoxication provoked abnormalities in the gut epithelium. Here's how it works and when it's beneficial for wound healing. Depending on the substance, these remedies may have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, or antimicrobial properties. Hydrogen Peroxide It is used as an oxidative bleaching agent in the paper The patient moved all his extremities spontaneously. High alcohol intake as a risk and prognostic factor for community-acquired pneumonia. This includes any wound that wont stop bleeding, is large or deep, or is showing signs of a serious infection. This has been shown by research in which miR-155 knockout mice, despite chronic alcohol administration, were protected from higher serum endotoxin levels and preserved their regenerating islet-derived protein III beta (Reg3b) protein expression, an antimicrobial peptide that plays a role in intestinal barrier integrity, unlike wild-type mice (Lippai et al. Szabo G, Bala S. Alcoholic liver disease and the gut-liver axis. 2021 Mar 15. doi:10.1007/s00464-021-08422-0. A 42-year-old white male presented to the emergency department with a 3-day history of fevers, shortness of breath, and a mucus-producing cough. information submitted for this request. VAC treatment uses pressure to help close wounds and increase healing. Wound care with traditional, complementary, and alternative medicine. Accessed Oct. 2, 2017. the contents by NLM or the National Institutes of Health. Ive tried soap and water (just asks me if Im sure I want to eat the soap), Alcohol (you just drink it), Bleach (again, are you sure you want to drink this), Ammonia (again with the drinkin Cataclysm: Dark Days Ahead How do you clean your wound? (2014). Despite administration of 2.5 liters of normal saline, the patients blood pressure further decreased to 92/54 mmHg. 6th ed. A study performed in human study participants corroborated the finding that alveolar macrophages from alcoholics had lower intracellular zinc levels than nonalcoholic study participants (Mehta et al. MMWR: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. Furthermore, alcohol seems to produce abnormalities and decreased numbers in natural killer (NK) cells, which are decreased in mouse models of alcohol consumption (Blank et al. Dr. Kolls also is vice chair for translational research, Department of Pediatrics, Childrens Hospital of Pittsburgh at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. You'll soon start receiving the latest Mayo Clinic health information you requested in your inbox. Acne Scars: Micro-Plasma, Microneedling, and Silicone. Summary Stitches, or sutures, join the edges of a wound together to repair it and stop any bleeding. Since 2012, he has practiced with The Cardiovascular Care Group in New Jersey. Rubbing alcohol has been approved by the CDC to kill the COVID-19 virus. As a result, a central venous catheter was placed, and norepinephrine was given to raise the patients blood pressure. Types of wounds include: Cuts Scrapes Puncture wounds Burns Pressure sores Witherden DA, Verdino P, Rieder SE, et al. 2011), higher intensive care unit admissions, and greater postoperative complications when they are admitted to hospitals and when they need surgery (Delgado-Rodriguez et al. Sibley D, Jerrells TR. 2005). His blood pressure was 102/72 mmHg and heart rate 118 beats per minute. Lacerations. Pereira RF, et al. 2011). Outcomes of patients with alcohol use disorders experiencing healthcare-associated infections. Realizing its limitations in the non-verbal critically ill patient, physicians were left attempting different strategies for management of sedation. Think of your incision as skin that has to be treated as gently as possible, with the most gentle cleansers and lukewarm water. There are some natural remedies that can both prevent and treat infections, but you should talk with a medical professional before using them for the first time. FAQs. Alcohol and peroxide are too drying and irritating to the skin. Make your tax-deductible gift and be a part of the cutting-edge research and care that's changing medicine. Specifically, chronic alcohol intake increases the level of NADPH oxidase 1 (Nox1), NADPH oxidase 2 (Nox2), and NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4) at the transcriptional and protein levels in alveolar macrophages of animal models and human alveolar macrophages from alcoholic study participants (Yeligar et al. The patients fevers and rapid heart rate (i.e., tachycardia) persisted for days, and the physicians were unable to determine whether these were attributed to ongoing infection and inflammatory response (i.e., sepsis) or if the patient was developing superimposed alcohol withdrawal. Delirium as a predictor of mortality in mechanically ventilated patients in the intensive care unit. Unless otherwise noted in the text, all material appearing in this journal is in the public domain and may be reproduced without permission. To provide you with the most relevant and helpful information, and understand which 2012). The patients abdomen was non-distended and non-tender, he had normal bowel sounds, and his liver edge was 5 centimeters below the right costal margin. DETCs are significantly decreased in ethanol-fed mice compared with water-fed controls and ethanol-fed mice show significant depletion of dermal T cells compared with controls. Prevalence and impact of alcohol and other drug use disorders on sedation and mechanical ventilation: A retrospective study. You are suffering from an infected wound. That is, bacterial translocation causes high endotoxin levels in the circulation, which induces the production of cells that regulate inflammation (i.e., tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-]) by Kupffer cells in the liver. privacy practices. Smothers BA, Yahr HT. Thus, this body of evidence shows the deleterious effects and mechanism of action by which alcohol perturbs mucosal gut immunity. However, benzodiazepines also are linked to the development of delirium, a condition associated with increased mortality (Ely et al. Options may include: Also, if your wound was made by a rusty object, check with a medical professional to make sure youre up-to-date on your tetanus vaccine boosters. Saitz R, Ghali WA, Moskowitz MA. Wound cleansers are rinsing solutions used to remove foreign materials on a wound surface and its surrounding skin. Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products. (2012). Before include protected health information. Bode C, Bode JC. Place another clean piece on top and continue to apply pressure. FOIA In one study, restoration of glutathione through its precursor N-acetylcysteine into the alveolar environment improved alveolar phagocytic function and decreased alveolar damage in animal models (Yeligar et al. Etiology of community-acquired pneumonia: Impact of age, comorbidity, and severity. Our experts continually monitor the health and wellness space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available. Effect on healing. The patient was found to have severely low blood pressure because of his ongoing infection and inflammatory response (i.e., septic shock) and overly active proteins that control blood clotting (i.e., disseminated intravascular coagulation) attributed to pneumonia. Bala S, Marcos M, Gattu A, et al. Thus, high levels of specific microRNAs are associated with gut leakiness. You should seek immediate medical attention for anyone who has swallowed rubbing alcohol. Abdelmegeed MA, Banerjee A, Jang S, et al. Severe community-acquired pneumonia: Epidemiology and prognostic factors. Do not apply antibiotic cream, alcohol or peroxide to the area. Thus, alcohol can disrupt circadian rhythms at the level of gene transcription in the intestine. American Journal of Physiology Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology. Minor cuts and scrapes usually stop bleeding on their own. Yeligar SM, Harris FL, Hart CM, Brown LA. 1 intensely_human 5 yr. ago Why? Effect of alcohol on miR-212 expression in intestinal epithelial cells and its potential role in alcoholic liver disease. Does alcohol not kill According to a 2016 research review and a 2012 research review, aloe vera has both antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects, and may also speed up skin tissue healing. 2008). Chronic ethanol consumption decreases murine Langerhans cell numbers and delays migration of Langerhans cells as well as dermal dendritic cells. What Is Rubbing Alcohol and Hydrogen Peroxide. Chronic alcohol consumption perturbs the balance between thymus-derived and bone marrow-derived natural killer cells in the spleen. What Is the Recovery Time for Appendicitis Surgery? Sivamani RK, et al. The study also found that alcohol-exposed animals had a decreased percentage of intraepithelial immune cells known as IL17+ INF+ CD4+ T cells from the jejunum and a decreased percentage of IL17+ IFN+ CD8+ T cells from the lamina propria in the ileum. Alcohol also has been associated with the profound loss of gut-associated lymphoid tissues in a mouse model of Salmonella typhimurium infection (Sibley and Jerrells 2000). Growing evidence suggests that alcohol disrupts circadian rhythmicity, probably by intestinal-derived lipopolysaccharide (Voigt et al. Inhibition of CYP2E1 protein expression stopped intestinal hyperpermeability as well as induction of CLOCK and PER2 (Forsyth et al. Moss M, Bucher B, Moore FA, et al. These resident T cells have a gamma delta T-cell receptor ( TCR) and do not need antigen presentation or major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class molecules to mature to have an effector function. Jameson J, Ugarte K, Chen N, et al. Delgado-Rodriguez M, Gomez-Ortega A, Mariscal-Ortiz M, et al. Alcohol on wounds. Alcohol and peroxide are too drying and irritating to the skin. Joshi and colleagues (2009) found that alcohol-fed animals had lower zinc levels in the alveolar compartment compared with control animals and that this level did not correlate with zinc blood levels, which were within normal range. Alcohol use disorders increase the risk for mechanical ventilation in medical patients. Some symptoms of infected stitches are worsening pain, redness, One type of staph germ, called methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), is harder to treat. Body lotions and powders can increase the chances of infection and can cause irritation to the incision and surrounding skin. The patient was transferred from the emergency department to the medical intensive care unit. 2014). At this point, though, its important to seek medical attention for signs of an infection. How does drinking alcohol affect wound healing? In summary, acute ethanol exposure can lead to impaired wound healing by impairing the early inflammatory response , inhibiting wound closure, angiogenesis, and collagen production, and altering the protease balance at the wound site. WebHow wounds heal How wounds heal A wound is a break or opening in the skin. Jennifer Whitlock, RN, MSN, FNP-C, is a board-certified family nurse practitioner. Economic costs of excessive alcohol consumption in the U.S., 2006. If you must drink, the best practice is to drink moderately to avoid any complications with the healing process and to avoid the formation of abnormal scar types. (c) timsa / Getty Images You scraped your knee a few days ago. https://www.cdc.gov/disasters/woundcare.html. Furthermore, the potential years of life lost attributed to alcohol (estimate of the average years people would have lived if they had not died prematurely) averaged 2.5 million years annually from 2006 through 2010 (Gonzales et al. Spies CD, Neuner B, Neumann T, et al. Oxyhemoglobin saturation, a measure of oxygen in the blood, was low (89 percent). Read our. These outcome measures were substantially reduced, however, in Cyp2e1 null mice (genetically modified mouse in which Cyp2e1 gene is inactive) compared with wild-type control mice, suggesting that CYP2E1 is essential for development of gut leakiness. Alveolar macrophages have the receptor for the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), which is important for terminal differentiation of fetal monocytes in the lung into mature alveolar macrophages (Guilliams et al. Role for intestinal CYP2E1 in alcohol-induced circadian gene-mediated intestinal hyperpermeability. These findings have been observed in rodent models of acute alcohol intoxication with S. pneumoniae and K. pneumoniae lung infection (Boe et al. 1999; Saitz et al. Role of variability in explaining ethanol pharmacokinetics: Research and forensic applications. The patient was diagnosed with acute respiratory distress syndrome, and ventilator settings were adjusted to decrease tidal volume to 6 milliliters per kilogram ideal body weight. Lavender oil. 1995; Ruiz et al. 1998). Your skin protects your body from germs. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our. For wound infection, six studies with 914 patients showed that smoking One other possible mechanism of increased endotoxin levels upon alcohol intake is through the upregulation of microRNAs, which are small non-coding RNAs involved in modulating protein synthesis, likely by inhibiting translation of mRNA (the coding RNA). 2005 - 2023 WebMD LLC, an Internet Brands company. Blank SE, Pfister LJ, Gallucci RM, Meadows GG. (2020). While most doctors will recommend you keep the wound moist, too much moisture or wetness may be harmful. The team was unable to determine whether the patient had a headache, nausea, or experienced hallucinations or the feeling of insects crawling on ones skin (i.e., formication), signs of alcohol withdrawal. Fouts DE, Torralba M, Nelson KE, et al. Dont pick at any scabs -- theyre part of the healing process. All rights reserved. Marigold may be available in ointments, or you may apply brewed tea bags to the wound. Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. The mechanisms described explain alcohols role in causing immune deficiency in the gut and respiratory mucosa. All rights reserved. Boe DM, Nelson S, Zhang P, Bagby GJ. Click here for an email preview. de Wit M, Best AM, Gennings C, et al. Dorai AA. WebFirst, soak the cloth or gauze in soapy water or in a mixture of sterile water and salt. In the case of chronic ethanol models, the disruption of intestinal permeability is highly correlated with the development of alcoholic liver disease (Mathurin et al. Thus, it is critical to understand not only how chronic alcohol consumption increases endotoxin levels in the host but also how acute alcohol intoxication affects translocation of bacteria or microbial products. Acute binge drinking increases serum endotoxin and bacterial DNA levels in healthy individuals. Cytochrome P4502E1 is an enzyme present in the liver and is involved in the metabolism and oxidation of alcohol, fatty acids, and foreign compounds (Cederbaum 2010). Alcohol and peroxide are too drying and irritating to the skin. 2011), risk for major complications when they also suffer polytrauma (like pneumonia, bleeding disorders, and withdrawal syndrome) (Spies et al. 2014). Rubbing alcohol and hydrogen peroxide are also effective at disabling Mehta AJ, Yeligar SM, Elon L, et al. CYP2E1 is the most highly expressed isoform of the CYP450 cytochrome enzymes and is highly expressed not only in the liver but also in the small intestine and colon. Dominique Fontaine, BSN, RN, HNB-BC, HWNC-BC, Identifying the early warning signs of an infected cut can help you to reduce your risk for serious complications, such as sepsis. This patient population also has prolonged fevers and slower radiographic resolution of air-space disease. In general, treat your incision with gentle loving care. It can be superficial, affecting only the surface of, Bacterial infections can affect wounds, burns, and organs within the body. When in doubt, its always best to call a medical professional. 2008) and influenza as well as certain tumors may be related to NK-cell dysfunction. In fact, some lotions and ointments could increase the risk of infection or irritation, rather than soothing the area.
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