Some of these were conducted with the assistance of GRU Unit 74455, which is also referred to as Sandworm Team. It is known to use a variety of malware, including Sysget/HelloBridge, PlugX, PoisonIvy, FormerFirstRat, NFlog, and NewCT. Be prepared! An increase in cost reduces the likelihood, and thus has mitigated the attack. Each cell of the matrix is divided into four parts, one for each action of CRUD (creating, reading, updating, and deleting). They have been observed targeting government, military, and business entities throughout Asia, primarily focusing on Pakistan, China, Nepal, and Afghanistan. Our research covers a broad spectrum of threats, including threat actors and . Many threat-modeling methods have been developed. Threat actors are the perpetrators behind cyberattacks, and are often categorized by a variety of factors, including motive, type of attack, and targeted sector. Threat modeling is a structured approach of identifying and prioritizing potential threats to a system, and determining the value that potential mitigations would have in reducing or neutralizing those threats. Threat actors within the same weather family are given an adjective to distinguish actor groups that have distinct TTPs, infrastructure, objectives, or other identified patterns. Moafee is a threat group that appears to operate from the Guandong Province of China. The Visual, Agile, and Simple Threat (VAST) Modeling method is based on ThreatModeler, an automated threat-modeling platform. The idea is to introduce a technical expert to a potential attacker of the system and examine the attacker's skills, motivations, and goals. BackdoorDiplomacy is a cyber espionage threat group that has been active since at least 2017. The earliest observed Blue Mockingbird tools were created in December 2019. Groups are mapped to publicly reported technique use and original references are included. APT28 is a threat group that has been attributed to Russia's General Staff Main Intelligence Directorate (GRU) 85th Main Special Service Center (GTsSS) military unit 26165. Wizard Spider is a Russia-based financially motivated threat group originally known for the creation and deployment of TrickBot since at least 2016. In most cases after defining the attack vectors, the compromised user role could lead to further attacks into the application. APT29 reportedly compromised the Democratic National Committee starting in the summer of 2015. A threat may result in damage to physical assets, or may result in obvious financial loss. The group initially focused on targeting South Korean government entities, think tanks, and individuals identified as experts in various fields, and expanded its operations to include the United States, Russia, Europe, and the UN. Key Points A security threat is the intent and capability for a threat actor to take some adverse action against you. The targeted characteristics of the method include no false positives, no overlooked threats, a consistent result regardless of who is doing the threat modeling, and cost effectiveness. In this case, the user of this cheat sheet should measure the value of the risk after applying the mitigation controls. For example, if you identify a threat that your users' personal information may be identified by certain application logging, and you decide to completely remove that logging, you have prevented that particular threat. HAFNIUM primarily targets entities in the US across a number of industry sectors, including infectious disease researchers, law firms, higher education institutions, defense contractors, policy think tanks, and NGOs. Some analysts track APT19 and Deep Panda as the same group, but it is unclear from open source information if the groups are the same. Security researchers note CURIUM has demonstrated great patience and persistence by chatting with potential targets daily and sending benign files to help lower their security consciousness. Groups are also mapped to reported Software used and attributed Campaigns, and related techniques for each are tracked separately on their respective pages. Applying these concepts bridges the gap between these segmented functional domains and enables a robust, agile and proactive set of cyber security capabilities. url={https://insights.sei.cmu.edu/blog/threat-modeling-12-available-methods/}, Malware that exploits software vulnerabilities grew 151 percent in the second quarter of 2018, cyber-crime damage costs are estimated to reach $6 trillion annually by 2021, The Process for Attack Simulation and Threat Analysis (PASTA), The Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS), Forum of Incident Response and Security Teams (FIRST), Using attack trees to model threats is one of the oldest and most widely applied techniques on cyber-only systems, cyber-physical systems, and purely physical systems, has since been combined with other methods and frameworks, PnG can help visualize threats from the counterpart side, which can be helpful in the early stages of the threat modeling, SQUARE (Security Quality Requirements Engineering Method), Quantitative Threat Modeling Method (Quantitative TMM), Visual, Agile, and Simple Threat (VAST) Modeling, Operationally Critical Threat, Asset, and Vulnerability Evaluation (OCTAVE), Threat Modeling: A Summary of Available Methods, Evaluation of Threat Modeling Methodologies, SEI blog post The Hybrid Threat Modeling Method, Security Quality Requirements Engineering, profiles of potential attackers, including their goals and methods, a catalog of potential threats that may arise. To ease the transition to the new naming taxonomy, use this reference guide to look up the old and new names of Microsoft threat actors: https://aka.ms/threatactors. The group's name is based on cyber espionage operations conducted via hotel Internet networks against traveling executives and other select guests. This group has been active since at least 2009. We do not represent these names as exact overlaps and encourage analysts to do additional research. It appears the group carries out supply chain attacks, leveraging the trust relationship between organizations to attack their primary targets. Check out the updates here. The group uses custom malware as well as "living off the land" techniques. ALLANITE is a suspected Russian cyber espionage group, that has primarily targeted the electric utility sector within the United States and United Kingdom. In-development names (e.g., Storm-0257) apply to all actor types (nation-state, financially motivated, PSOA, etc.). Andariel's notable activity includes Operation Black Mine, Operation GoldenAxe, and Campaign Rifle. Table 3 summarizes features of each threat modeling method. Magic Hound is an Iranian-sponsored threat group that conducts long term, resource-intensive cyber espionage operations, likely on behalf of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps. ), Develop a security strategy and plans. However, one approach is to develop an ordinal ranking of Threat Actors resources, knowledge, desires, and confidence (a.k.a.Expectance) to develop an overall threat profile. There are many ways to generate design documents; the 4+1 view model is one of the matured approaches to building your design document. Some controls might be inapplicable, you should propose other mitigation controls or discuss with the risk owners the possible compensation controls. Check out the blog post or release notes for more information. Use risk management methodology to determine the risk behind the threat. The examples below show how the naming system works for Russia and Iran. . Threat Level Typical Actors Typical Goals 5: Advanced Nation-state military possibly supported by their intelligence service; very . Having these objectives and requirements in mind before the threat assessment begins will help you to evaluate the impact of any threat you find during the risk analysis process. Attack trees are diagrams that depict attacks on a system in tree form. Threat Capability NEODYMIUM is reportedly associated closely with BlackOasis operations, but evidence that the group names are aliases has not been identified. Even if you are very familiar with the application design, you may identify additional data flows and trust boundaries throughout the threat modeling process. The title of the show refers to a report given to the President of the United States each morning, which . Actors are rated on five-point scales for the risks they are assumed to present (lower number = higher risk) to the asset. Threat modeling can be particularly helpful in the area of cyber-physical systems. It looks at threat modeling from a risk-management and defensive perspective. Using threat modeling to think about security requirements can lead to proactive architectural decisions that help reduce threats from the start. Threat Modeling: 12 Available Methods. Threat actor has reasonable expectation of a successful attack based on their capacity & competence. Related Artifacts: (no specific artifact). These capabilities are part of the NGFW security subscriptions service. Mitigation controls will not vanish the risk completely, rather, it would just reduce the risk. BlackOasis is a Middle Eastern threat group that is believed to be a customer of Gamma Group. Therefore, we will strive to also include other threat actor names within our security products to reflect these analytic overlaps and help customers make well-informed decisions. For the designers or the architects: they should assign the risk mitigation to the development team to consider it while building the application. With help from a deck of cards (see an example in Figure 6), analysts can answer questions about an attack, such as. As ransomware attacks increase in number and severity, even the most advanced security systems can be compromised. They develop . Winnti Group is a threat group with Chinese origins that has been active since at least 2010. APT33 is a suspected Iranian threat group that has carried out operations since at least 2013. Bouncing Golf is a cyberespionage campaign targeting Middle Eastern countries. It runs only on Windows 10 Anniversary Update or later, and so is difficult to use on macOS or Linux. Machine Learning (ML), a subfield of artificial intelligence (AI), is growing as a way to strengthen our ability to meet cyber threat challenges. Or, there may be not documentation at all, requiring you to create the design documents. A CVSS score can be computed by a calculator that is available online. This blog covers disk-based artifacts and tools available for use during deeper forensic investigations. ATT&CK v13 has been released! Threat actors and their capabilitiesthe tactics, techniques, and procedures they use to exploit enterprise securitydefine the organization's threat landscape. Threat intelligence is knowledge based on evidence that allows you to prevent or mitigate cyber threats. As shown in Figure 3, the CVSS consists of three metric groups (Base, Temporal, and Environmental) with a set of metrics in each. This new naming approach does not in any way change who the threat actors are that we are tracking, or our current analysis behind the names. Area: Topology: describes the mapping of the software onto the hardware and shows the system's distributed aspects. The name Gamaredon Group comes from a misspelling of the word "Armageddon", which was detected in the adversary's early campaigns. Using attack trees to model threats is one of the oldest and most widely applied techniques on cyber-only systems, cyber-physical systems, and purely physical systems. If your application makes a call to a remote process, or a remote process makes calls to your application, that's a trust boundary. To meet the requirements of a full name, we aim to gain knowledge of the actors infrastructure, tooling, victimology, and motivation. Microsoft Threat Intelligence is committed to helping customers understand threats, no matter which naming taxonomy they are familiar with. BITTER has primarily targeted government, energy, and engineering organizations in Pakistan, China, Bangladesh, and Saudi Arabia. 42-50. Microsoft maintains an internal process for tracking these in-development activity clusters (now Storm-###) for reference across our hunting teams. Transparent Tribe is a suspected Pakistan-based threat group that has been active since at least 2013, primarily targeting diplomatic, defense, and research organizations in India and Afghanistan. How Do Intent and Capability Relate to Assessing Threat. Threat actor competence and capabilities are such that they have high expectations of achieving a successful attack. Kimsuky was assessed to be responsible for the 2014 Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co. compromise; other notable campaigns include Operation STOLEN PENCIL (2018), Operation Kabar Cobra (2019), and Operation Smoke Screen (2019). This method elevates the threat-modeling process to a strategic level by involving key decision makers and requiring security input from operations, governance, architecture, and development. Since 2020 FIN7 shifted operations to a big game hunting (BGH) approach including use of REvil ransomware and their own Ransomware as a Service (RaaS), Darkside. The DREAD formula is divided into 5 main categories: Risk Value = (Damage + Affected users) x (Reproducibility + Exploitability + Discoverability). Ember Bear is a suspected Russian state-sponsored cyber espionage group that has been active since at least March 2021. Founded in 1958, MITRE Corporation is based in Bedford, Massachusetts, and McLean, Virginia, and is funded by the U.S. government. Conclusion. Active since at least May 2020, Aquatic Panda has primarily targeted entities in the telecommunications, technology, and government sectors. And of course, you can't develop a security capability that only considers a single type of threat actor. Highlight Authorization per user role, for example, defining app users role, admins role, anonymous visitors roleetc. Thus, understanding the design of the application is key to performing threat modeling. Document how data flows through a system to identify where the system might be attacked. Axiom is a suspected Chinese cyber espionage group that has targeted the aerospace, defense, government, manufacturing, and media sectors since at least 2008. As is sometimes the case, when a new threat surfaces, we dont know all the details. This approach allows for the integration of VAST into the organization's development and DevOps lifecycles. The group has a history of using information exfiltrated from victims to blackmail victim companies into contracting the Poseidon Group as a security firm. Protecting sensitive data both in transit and at rest is imperative for modern enterprises as attackers find increasingly innovative ways to compromise systems and steal data. Their main targets reside in Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Azerbaijan, Poland and Kazakhstan. APT19 is a Chinese-based threat group that has targeted a variety of industries, including defense, finance, energy, pharmaceutical, telecommunications, high tech, education, manufacturing, and legal services. This is NOT a Threat Assessment, merely the summary of potentially many pages of material and hours or months of research and analysis. DarkHydrus is a threat group that has targeted government agencies and educational institutions in the Middle East since at least 2016. Andariel is considered a sub-set of Lazarus Group, and has been attributed to North Korea's Reconnaissance General Bureau. Courses of Action for Matrix ransomware. Cobalt Group has mainly targeted banks in Eastern Europe, Central Asia, and Southeast Asia. The challenge, though, Finding Evil WMI Event Consumers with Disk Forensics. Active since at least 2012, APT41 has been observed targeting healthcare, telecom, technology, and video game industries in 14 countries. Create risks in risk log for every identified threat or attack to any assets. The Hybrid Threat Modeling Method (hTMM) was developed by the SEI in 2018. Whitefly is a cyber espionage group that has been operating since at least 2017. Over the next few weeks, you will start seeing changes across public facing content and in-product experiences. MITRE ATT&CK is a globally-accessible knowledge base of adversary tactics and techniques based on real-world observations. EXOTIC LILY is a financially motivated group that has been closely linked with Wizard Spider and the deployment of ransomware including Conti and Diavol. You should be familiar with the following terms that will be used throughout this cheat sheet. Impact and damage can take a variety of forms. Security infrastructure detects, contains, and eradicates . Audience: All the stakeholders of the system, including the end users. However, if the threat is relatively easy to accomplish, or if the attacker were to gain valuable information from which they could profit, the likelihood may be higher. For example, assuming that an internet banking user credentials could be compromised, the user of this cheat sheet has to then redefine the attack vectors that could result from compromising the users credentials and so on. LINDDUN (linkability, identifiability, nonrepudiation, detectability, disclosure of information, unawareness, noncompliance) focuses on privacy concerns and can be used for data security. Vectors are the methods that threat actors use to attack a vulnerability in a system in order to achieve their objective. Source: DOD Risk Reporting Matrix (OSD/ATL-ED, 2006) Example Threat Box. The ATT&CK knowledge base is used as a foundation for the development of specific threat models and methodologies in the private sector, in government, and . By 2014 Ajax Security Team transitioned from website defacement operations to malware-based cyber espionage campaigns targeting the US defense industrial base and Iranian users of anti-censorship technologies. PLATINUM is an activity group that has targeted victims since at least 2009. Highly motivated but with some flexibility in terms of method and capacity for compromise. Summarize the results using tool support. Mitigations are controls that are put in place to reduce either the likelihood or the impact of a threat, while not necessarily completely preventing it. Threat actors are motivated by a multitude of factors, depending on a particular actor's relationship . Turla is known for conducting watering hole and spearphishing campaigns and leveraging in-house tools and malware. We know defenders benefit from context and actionable insight they need to understand what threat actor is behind an attack and how they can take steps to mitigate the issue. Carnegie Mellon University, Software Engineering Institute's Insights (blog). The first step of the Quantitative Threat Modeling Method (Quantitative TMM) is to build component attack trees for the five threat categories of STRIDE. Some groups have multiple names associated with similar activities due to various organizations tracking similar activities by different names. Join the SANS community or begin your journey of becoming a SANS Certified Instructor today. 11 min read Automating threat actor tracking: Understanding attacker behavior for intelligence and contextual alerting By Microsoft Threat Intelligence April 1, 2021 Microsoft Defender Experts for Hunting Ransomware Threat actors Human operated ransomware N. Shevchenko, "Threat Modeling: 12 Available Methods," Carnegie Mellon University, Software Engineering Institute's Insights (blog). A weather event or family name represents either a nation-state actor attribution (e.g., Typhoon indicates origin or attribution to China) or a motivation (e.g., Tempest indicates financially motivated actors). Some analysts track Deep Panda and APT19 as the same group, but it is unclear from open source information if the groups are the same. The group's tactics and techniques are reportedly similar to Dragonfly, although ALLANITEs technical capabilities have not exhibited disruptive or destructive abilities. In the current landscape of security, we need to monitor endpoints and network traffic. With James Denton, Kelly Rutherford, Will Lyman, Anthony Azizi. The group has been active since at least 2009 and was reportedly responsible for the November 2014 destructive wiper attack against Sony Pictures Entertainment as part of a campaign named Operation Blockbuster by Novetta. The Process for Attack Simulation and Threat Analysis (PASTA) is a risk-centric threat-modeling framework developed in 2012. Little to no desire-absence of drive and purpose. Attack trees were initially applied as a stand-alone method and has since been combined with other methods and frameworks. For the assessors: After defining and analyzing the risks, the assessor should be working on the mitigation plan by firstly identifying risk owners which is the personnel that is responsible for mitigating the risk. Threat actor has very high expectation of achieving a successful attack. Storm names may persist indefinitely, but we strive to progress our understanding of all clusters of threat activity to either merge them with existing fully named actors (thereby expanding the definition), or merge multiple in-development clusters together to define a new fully named actor. Identify Possible Attackers threat agents that could exist within the Target of Evaluation. This is where Intel Profiles in Microsoft Defender Threat Intelligence can bring crucial information and context about threats. In the case of a complex system, attack trees can be built for each component instead of for the whole system. Thus, if an attacker has access to the hashed passwords and is able to determine the password associated with one hash, he is easily able to find all the other users who share the same password simply by looking for the same hash. Malware used by Lazarus Group correlates to other reported campaigns, including Operation Flame, Operation 1Mission, Operation Troy, DarkSeoul, and Ten Days of Rain. The idea behind addressing the impact earlier in PASTA approach is that the audience that knows impact knows the consequences on a product or use case failures more than participants in the threat analysis phase. I encourage readers interested in more detailed information about these methods to read our SEI white paper on the same topic. Kimsuky is a North Korea-based cyber espionage group that has been active since at least 2012. Articles Understanding Space-Cyber Threats with the SPARTA Matrix The Space Attack Research and Tactic Analysis (SPARTA) matrix serves to ensure the space-cyber community is empowered to continually educate engineers and system defenders so they can overcome the unique cyber-threats they face in the domain.
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