They can be classified by many different criteria. The name means cell of a few branches (oligo- = few; dendro- = branches; -cyte = cell). Unipolar neurons have only one process emerging from the cell body which causes them to appear T-shaped. At one end of the axon are dendrites, and at the other end, the axon forms synaptic connections with a target. Together this gives us the various types of epithelial tissues, such as simple squamous epithelium, stratified cuboidal epithelium, pseudostratified columnar epithelium and many more. Contrast the differences in the histological appearance of a pyramidal cell versus a Purkinje cell. Nervous or the nerve tissue is the main tissue of our nervous system. This coronal section includes the hippocampus (hippocampus = sea horse), dentate gyrus, and adjacent temporal lobe gyrus (entorhinal cortex). Confusingly, structures within white and grey matter are referred to by different terms, depending on whether they are located in the CNS or the PNS. What is the difference between a ganglion and a nucleus? At low magnification, differentiate inner gray from outer white matter and identify dorsal and ventral horns of the gray matter. The ECM contains different protein fibers (collagen, reticular, elastic) embedded in ground substance. The cardiovascular system consists of the heart and blood vessels (arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins). The layers of the blood-air barrier comprise of type I pneumocytes, basement membrane and endothelial cells of the capillaries. The most used tool today for examining cells, tissues and organs is optic (light) microscopy. All of this is surrounded by three connective tissue membranes (meninges): dura, arachnoid and the pia mater. - A free PowerPoint PPT presentation (displayed as an HTML5 slide show) on PowerShow.com - id: 4617df-OTVjO Both respond immunologically to foreign material in the fluid passing through. Sertoli cells prevent the immune system from attacking and destroying the spermatozoa. Despite their differences, they all have one thing in common; specialized elongated muscle cells, called muscle fibers. DNA is condensed and coiled up into chromosomes. Astrocytes - Technically, the junctions between endothelial cells constitute the actual "barrier." The ventral spinal cord. . These cells have a single, long, nerve tract entering the bottom of the cell body. Review the organization of gray and white matter in cerebral cortex vs. spinal cord. Histology of the Nervous System Description: Histology of the Nervous System X-Section of Brain Tissue 4 1 2 3 1. The PNS encompasses all nervous tissue outside of bony structures, and includes all peripheral and cranial nerves, plexuses, and ganglia. Because information flows through the neuron from dendrites or cell bodies toward the axon, these names are based on the neurons polarity (Figure 2). Lining ventricles of the brain, creating CSF. They are stabilized by ligaments, flexible fibrous bands made of dense regular connective tissue. ("4" in the orientation figure) a polymorphic layer containing nerve fibers (known as "mossy fibers") and cell bodies of interneurons, ("5" in the orientation figure) a middle granule cell layer containing the round, neuronal cell bodies of dentate granule cells. This accounts for the name, based on their appearance under the microscope. The cells are laid down on top of dense irregular connective tissue, the basement membrane (BM). Some well-known lymphatic nodules include; the tonsils, Peyers patches and vermiform appendix. - PowerPoint PPT presentation Number of Views: 2727 Avg rating:3.0/5.0 Slides: 14 Provided by: apbrwww5A Category: Tags: histology | nervous | tissue less - PowerPoint PPT presentation Number of Views: 793 Avg rating:3.0/5.0 Slides: 13 Provided by: RachelA156 Category: One of the two types of glial cells found in the PNS is the satellite cell. Epithelial tissue can cover external surfaces (skin), line the inside of hollow organs (intestines) or form glands. And there are many different types of neurons. The nasal cavity contains specialized olfactory epithelium, providing the sense of smell. Most of the respiratory tract is lined by respiratory mucosa; a pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium with mucus producing goblet cells. Myelin is lipid-rich, and on gross inspection appears white. Nervous tissue is composed of two types of cells, neurons and glial cells. Light microscopes (or optical microscopes), use a combination of visible light and lenses to create a magnified image. Next, the tissue is embedded with paraffin wax, which firms the tissue enough permit thin slices. as white matter? It provides preganglionic visceral motor output to sympathetic ganglia. It relays sensory input to cerebellar cortex. Kim Bengochea, Regis University, Denver. In this electron micrograph, note some of the features you saw in ventral horn motor neurons with the light microscope, such as the large, pale nucleus, prominent nucleolus, Nissl bodies, dendrites and axon. The cerebellum is the part of the brain responsible for integrating input from the sensory organs to coordinate the precise, voluntary movements originally initiated in the cerebral cortex. Lastly, the specimen is stained with hematoxylin and eosin dyes. The musculoskeletal system consists of hard tissues (bones, joints, cartilage) and soft tissues (muscles, tendons, ligaments). Chapter 12Nervous Tissue. A unity of cells with a similar structure that as a whole express a definite and unique function. normal functioning and disorders of the nervous. The arrow indicates a morphological type of neuron. Cerebral cortex 3. Tissues join together in different arrangements to form our body organs. It consists of widely separated mesenchymal cells and ground substance with an abundance of hyaluronic acid. Many axons are wrapped by an insulating substance called myelin, which is actually made from glial cells. Secondly, the cell bodies of unipolar neurons are always found in ganglia. Nervous Tissue DR. DEVI 1 16-4-19 2. Mesenchymal cells are undifferentiated cells, which means they are capable of differentiating into any type of connective tissue cells (fibroblasts, osteoblasts, adipocytes etc.). Glial cells, or glia, are known to play a supporting role for nervous tissue. The latter constitutes the diffuse neuroendocrine system (DNES). Within the axon hillock, the cytoplasm changes to a solution of limited components called axoplasm. The delicate meshwork of dendritic processes and nerve fibers (axons) lying between cells in the gray matter is called the neuropil. Many neurons in the spinal cord may appear shrunken and surrounded by an empty space due to poor fixation. Specialised cells (melanocytes, Merkels cells, Langerhans cells) and free nerve endings are found within the epidermis, providing pigmentation, protection and sensation. celiac, aorticorenal, and superior/inferior mesenteric ganglia). Pyramidal cells in the cerebral cortex act as upper motor neurons, which then synapse with the lower motor neurons that are in direct contact with muscles to initiate contraction. Deep to the gray matter of the cerebral cortex is the white matter that conveys myelinated fibers between different parts of the cortex and other regions of the CNS. Diffuse lymphoid tissues and lymphatic nodules are non-encapsulated accumulations of lymphoid tissue found in locations such as the alimentary, respiratory and genitourinary tracts. Glial cells, or neuroglia or simply glia, are the other type of cell found in nervous tissue. The entirety of the lungs is externally lined by pleura, a thin epithelial layer made of squamous cells with a thin underlying layer of connective tissue.Learn more about the upper respiratory tract and the lower respiratory tract. The ECM of nervous tissue is rich in ground substance, with little to no protein fibers. Slide 076cerebrumcerebrum luxol blue crossView Virtual Slide, Slide 076bcerebrumTB&EView Virtual Slide. In contrast, electron microscopes work by emitting parallel beams of electrons onto the sample being observed, resulting in higher resolutions. Glucosethe primary energy sourceis allowed, as are amino acids. Because of this, only specific types of molecules can enter the CNS. It is permeable to oxygen, carbon dioxide and other gases, allowing for the occurrence of gas exchange. The epidermis (epithelium) and dermis (connective tissue) compose the skin. Histological inspection reveals that each nerve fibre is actually composed of a large number of axons whose cell bodies reside in central or peripheral ganglia, the spinal cord or the brain. Everything absorbed through the alimentary tract passes through the special discontinued capillaries of the liver before going anywhere else. The only freely mobile joints are synovial joints, in which adjacent joint surfaces are covered with hyaline cartilage, a soft type of cartilage rich in glycoproteins, proteoglycans and type II collagen. DiFiores atlas of histology with functional correlations. Ross, H. M, Pawlina, W. (2011). Learn more about how Pressbooks supports open publishing practices. Thus, in the 'white matter' of the brain and spinal cord, myelinated axons are the predominant neuronal cell component and most of the the nuclei that you see in white matter are primarily of glial cells. Luv ya! The proteins are then exposed to labeled artificial antibodies that bind to the protein of interest and catalyse a chemiluminescent reaction, in which light is emitted as a result of a chemical reaction allowing visualization of the protein. Pulmonary capillaries come into close contact with the alveoli, forming the blood-air barrier. Each one reaches out and surrounds an axon to insulate it in myelin. First, their dendrites are receiving sensory information, sometimes directly from the stimulus itself. Together these organs provide the ability of reproduction and sexual intercourse. Neurons are specialized cells that contain a body (soma) and one or more processes ( dendrites, axons ). 2023 When macrophages encounter diseased or damaged cells in the rest of the body, they ingest and digest those cells or the pathogens that cause disease. The product is the magnifying power of the objective (4x, 10x, 20x, 40x or 100x) multiplied by the power of the ocular lenses (10x). Lymphatic vessels drain lymph (interstitial fluid) from all the extracellular spaces in the body. adipose tissue, gastrointestinal tract, cardiovascular system). A unity of tissues with a more complex set of functions, defined by the combination of structure and function of the comprising tissues. Review diagrams illustrating the morphology of neurons in your textbooks. Get an overview of the different types of epithelial tissue: Connective tissue connects, separates and supports the body organs. Slide 077 20XCerebellum white and grey matter H&E View Virtual Slide, Slide 077 40XCerebellum molecular layer, Purkinje cell bodies H&E View Virtual Slide, Slide 077a Cerebellum luxol blue cross View Virtual Slide. Cells are categorized into various types, all of which perform different functions. Slide of tissue is followed by slide of tissue with correct answer. 4. Histology Complete and Basic Tissues. The tools for studying histology are becoming more diverse everyday. I love Anatomy. Histology Copyright by Malgosia Wilk-Blaszczak. Additional sub-classifications are possible, based on the cell specializations. Lateral to this structure is the tail of the caudate. Other staining techniques such as Masson trichrome, alcian blue, reticulin stain and others are sometimes used to demonstrate specific tissue components not seen on a H&E stain. The cells here arepreganglionic sympathetic neurons whose axons terminate in either sympathetic chain ganglia or the "visceral" (or "pre-aortic") ganglia associated with the major branches of the abdominal aorta (e.g. The cells of Clarke's nucleus then relay this information via axonal projections that extend all the way up into the cerebellum (hence the reason why the cells are so large) where it is processed to allow for coordinated movement. Uploaded on Jun 06, 2013 Elina + Follow cuboidal epithelium water loss A third type of connective tissue is embryonic (fetal) tissue, this is a type of primitive tissue present in the embryo and umbilical cord. All of these features give muscles the ability to contract and perform various functions, such as movement of the extremities (skeletal muscle), peristalsis of the gastrointestinal tract (smooth muscle) and beating of the heart (cardiac muscle). Histology: An overview: want to learn more about it? The gray matter contains relatively more neuronal and glial perikarya, as well as non-myelinated (e.g. One is the axon and one the dendrite, forming a straight line. There are many neurons in the nervous systema number in the trillions. You may see small calcific bodies in part of the hippocampus, which occur as a normal part of the aging process. Ependymal cells, which are uniquely located lining the ventricles of the brain the central canal of the spinal cord, are one notable exception. Wheater's Nervous tissues and Central nervous system, Ross and Pawlina (6th ed), Chapter 12 Nerve Tissue, Except where otherwise noted, this work is licensed under a, Michigan Histology and Virtual Microscopy Learning Resources, Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 License. Histology - Histology. Where the axon emerges from the cell body, there is a special region referred to as the axon hillock. The cerebellum consists of an outer cortex of grey matter covering an inner area of white matter, which itself surrounds a deeper layer of grey matter (called the cerebellar nuclei). Using only histological evidence, could you determine from where in the nervous system a sample of tissue was taken? Neurons are the basic functional units of nervous tissue. Slide NP004N hippocampal region, coronal section, luxol blue View Virtual SlideSlide 13270astrocytes,Gold-stainingView Virtual Slide. Neuronal processes form connections (synapses) with each other and with other cell types, in order to exchange electrical signals. The epidermis is a keratinized stratified squamous epithelium mostly made out of keratinocytes. Many types of glial cells require special histological stains and cant be unambiguously identified in regular H&E-stained histological slides. Bundles of myelinated axons in the brain are called tracts, while bundles of axons in the PNS are called nerves. They are responsible for the computation and . Neurons. The axons of pyramidal cells will descend through the interior white matter of the cerebrum into the three parts of the brainstem: the midbrain, the pons, and the medulla. The material presented details the chemistry, diagnostic application, and staining protocols for special stains used to . Vocal cords are housed in the larynx, formed by two folds of mucosa, each containing a supporting ligament (vocalis ligament) and a skeletal muscle (vocalis muscle). Available at theiTunes Storeand for Android users at theGoogle Play Store.