there is unknown, but they lived in tents. VFW (Veterans of Foreign Wars) invited the men to a pot-luck dinner, where the retired soldiers all visited with Originally a work camp from the McAlester PW Camp,it later became a branch of the Camp Gruber PW Camp. Eight base camps emerged at various locations and were used for the duration of the war. In 1943 the Forty-second Infantry "Rainbow"Division was reactivated at Gruber. They're either too gray or too grassy green". Between twenty and forty PWs were confined there, working It opened on April 29, 1943, and last appeared in the PMG reports onSeptember 1, 1944. One PW escaped. 1944, and last appeared on November 16, 1945. Except at Pryor, German noncommissioned officers directed the internal activities of each compound. Corbett said that the base camp in Alva was specifically unique because it was used as the maximum security camp Eight PWs escaped from this camp, and four men died and are now buriedin the National Cemetery at Ft. Sam Houston, Texas. An estimated 20,000 German POWs worked at Oklahoma POW camps. The present camp coverseighty-seven square miles. not known, but it was probably a work camp similar to the one at Caddo. One other enemy alienwho died at Ft. Sill was removed form the cemetery after the war and was reburied in California. barracks. 2. other states. To prepare for that contingency, officials It first appeared in the PMG reports on August 1, 1944, and last appeared on January 15, 1946. Throughout the war German soldiers comprisedthe vast majority of POWs confined in Oklahoma. On November 4, 1943, Kunze gave a note to a new American doctor, NAME: Your California Privacy Rights/Privacy Policy. that the Germans took as prisoners. This rating was high, particularly when compared to the national average of 28:1. "He was sent to a camp for Nazi supporters in Alva, Oklahoma." Of the tens of thousands of POWs in the United States during World War II, only 2,222, less than 1 percent, tried to escape, and. Virginia Prisoner of War Camps. One PW escaped. Korps in Tunisia, North Africa. It was a hospital for American servicemen until August 1, 1944, when it became to teach the Germans about democracy, civil liberties and other beliefs that our country was based upon. The non-commissioned Germans did not have to work if they chose not to - which most of them didnt because theythought working for the Americans was somehow aiding the war effort. The majority of German POWs, on the other hand, were assigned to 38 branch camps, mainly in rural areas near places such as Columbus, Fond du Lac, Beaver Dam, Sturgeon Bay and Rice Lake. Thiscamp was located north of the swimming pool that is east of Jefferson Street and north of Iris Street in NortheastHobart. They planned to move 100,000 enemy aliens, then living in the United States, into a controlled environment. It first appeared in the PMG reports on August 1, 1944, and last appeared on January 15, 1946. 1. In December 1941, the United States entered World War II and President Franklin Roosevelt, along with British Prime one another about the war. camp was located four miles east of Hickory at the Horseshoe Ranch. They wanted to catch the German Army in the middle, said Corbett. This There were six major base camps in Oklahoma and an additional two dozen branch camps. At Camp Alva a maximum-security camp for Nazis and Nazi sympathizers, disturbances occurred,and in July 1944 a guard fatally shot a prisoner during an escape attempt. An article by Warner in "The Chronicles of Oklahoma," the Spring 1986 edition, lists many of the camps and offers brief history on some. At each camp, companies of U.S. Army John Witherspoon ErvinJulia Ervin Woods ErvinSubmitted to Genealogy Trails by Linda Craig, The above pictures are of the Fort Reno Cemetery and headstone of Johannes Kunze (German) and Giulio Zamboni (Italian). They selected Oklahoma because the state met the basic requirements established by the Office of the Provost Marshal General, the U.S. Army agency responsible for the POW program. The Alva camp was a special camp for holding Nazis andNazi sympathizers, and there are accounts of twenty-one escapes. Operational 1942-1945, Located South of Alva, Oklahoma, Woods County It was called Nazilager . camp was located north of highway 60 and west of Public Street in the southeast quarter of Section 26 on the north Guidelines mandated placing the compounds away from urban, industrial areas for security purposes, in regions with mild climate to minimize construction costs, and at sites where POWs could alleviate an anticipated farm labor shortage. , How many acres is Camp Gruber Oklahoma? there were 3,280 PWs confined there. Road on the east side of Okmulgee. 1. burials are enemy aliens who died in Oklahoma and 29 are PWs, both German and Italian, who died in PW camps in A compound consisted of barracks, mess halls, latrines and wash rooms, plus auxiliary buildings. 1944 of the slaying near Camp Gordon, Ga., of Cpl. Thiscamp was located north of the railroad tracks between 2nd and 3rd streets on the southeast side of Tipton on afour acre tract that had been a Gulf Oil Company camp. treated as good as we treated the German POWs, they were treated a lot better than the Russian and other POWs The POW camps adhered to the Geneva Conventions Missouri Digital Heritage Prisoner of War camp: a place where soldiers who have been captured by their enemy during a war are kept as prisoners until the end of the war. The large concrete water towers which doubled as guard towers at the camps at Alva, Ft. Reno, and Tonkawa the United States after that. Check out this list for your next camping adventure with family and friends. tuberculosis treatment. It first appeared in the PMG reports on April 16, 1945, and last appeared on May 1, 1945. appeared in the PMG reports on April 1, 1944, and last appeared on December 15, 1945. Humanities. In autumn 1945 repatriation of prisoners of war began as federal officials transferredcaptives to East Coast ports. Kunze's note ended up with camp senior leader, Senior Sergeant Walter Beyer, a hardened Nazi. The other POWs were able to go outside of It first appeared in the PMG reports on August 30, 1943, and last appeared on September 1, 1945. Gefreiter (Lance Corporal), German Army. While the hospital was usedfor the treatment of Only PWs, it specialized in amputations, neurosurgery, chest surgery, plastic surgery, andtuberculosis treatment. It first appeared in the PMG reports on June1, 1944, and last appeared on June 16, 1944, although it may have actually opened as early as May 1, 1944. Activated in January 1943, the post received its first P.O.W.s in August, German troops of the Afrika Corps captured in North Africa. Submitted to Genealogy Trails by Linda Craig, If These Apps Are Still on Your Phone, Someone May Be Spying on You, Tragic online love triangle built on LIES: Two middle-aged lovers who started affair by BOTH posing as teenagers before torrid romance drove Sunday school teacher to murder 'rival' over woman who didn't EXIST, Infancy Narrative Commentaries - STM Online: Crossroads, Cheapest Dental Implants in the World | Destinations for Dental Work, Five Reasons Why Western Civilization Is Good, Indian Passport Renewal Process in USA - Path2USA, A brief history of Western culture Smarthistory, 22 Summer Mother of the Bride Dresses for Sunny Celebrations, Free Piano VST Plugins: 20 of the Best In 2022! About 130 PWs were confined there. Captive or POW Pay and Allowance Entitlements: Soldiers are entitled to all pay and allowances that were authorized prior to the POW period. on August 17, 1944, and it last appeared in the PMG reports on November 16, 1945. In addition, a temporary camp was set up at Fort Sill. Source: Woodward News Published: February : Scarborough House, 1996). Oklahoma Historical Society800 Nazih Zuhdi Drive, Oklahoma City, OK 73105 | 405-521-2491Site Index | Contact Us | Privacy | Press Room | Website Inquiries, Get Updates in Your Inbox Keep up to date with our weekly newsletter delivered straight to your inbox. After the captives arrived, at least twenty-four branch camps, outposts to house temporary On November 4, 1943, Kunze gave a note to a new American doctor,who did not understand the German writing or its purpose and returned the note to another German POW to give backto Kunze. Locateda short distance south of Powell, a small community about three miles east of Lebanon and about eight miles southwestof Madill, this camp was originally a branch of the Madill Provisional Internment Camp Headquarters, and laterbecame a branch of the Camp Howze PW camp. Until late 1946, the United States retained almost 70,000 POWs to dismantle military facilities in the Philippines, Okinawa, central Pacific, and Hawaii. He said that local Oklahoma chambers Three of the men are still buried at McAlester. The Army Corp of Engineers then began to determine sites for these camps, according to Corbett. Guidelines mandated placing thecompounds away from urban, industrial areas for security purposes, in regions with mild climate to minimize constructioncosts, and at sites where POWs could alleviate an anticipated farm labor shortage. It was closed because of its proximity to an explosives plant. the articles of war the court had no choice but to pronounce the death sentence," the magazine adds. After the war was over, the POWs were sent back to Germany, in accordance with the Geneva Convention. They became the first foreign prisoners of war to be executed in the U.S., Krammer said. At the peak of operation as many as twenty thousand German POWs occupied camps in Oklahoma. The Greenleaf Lodge area is under National Guard authority and is not part of Greenleaf Lake State Park. Because of this, PWs were in great demand as laborers. The first PWs arrivedon August 17, 1944, and it last appeared in the PMG reports on November 16, 1945. , What did Oklahoma do to prisoners of war? In 1952 the General Services Administration assumedauthority over 31,294.62 acres from the WAA, and between 1948 and 1952 the U.S. Army regained control of 32,626acres. The dropping of atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagaski. Corbett said that the base camp in Alva was specifically unique because it was used as the maximum security camp- housing around 5,000 Nazi Party members. POW camps eventually were set up in at least 26 counties and at times an estimated 22,000 POWs were held in Oklahoma. About 270 PWs were confined there. The capacity of the camp was 700, and no reports of any escapes have been located; two internees diedat the camp and one of them is still buried at Ft. Sill. Glennan General Hospital PW CampThis camp was located on what is now the grounds of Okmulgee Tech, south of Industrial Drive and east of MissionRoad on the east side of Okmulgee. It was established about March of 1942 and closed in the late spring of 1943. Most of the land was returned to private ownership or publicuse. and two more are buried at Ft. Sill. Waynoka PW CampThis During the course of World War II Camp Gruber provided training to infantry, field artillery, and tank destroyer units that went on to fight in Europe. Units of the Eighty-eighthInfantry "Blue Devil" Division trained at Camp Gruber. The most important thing about the post-war period was that many of the POWs went back to Germany and became More than 50 of these POW camps were in Oklahoma. Four men escaped. In the later months of its operation,it held convalescing patients from the Glennan General Hospital PW Camp. Gruber, composer of "The Caisson Song." and closed on April 1, 1944. In 1973 and1982 2,560 acres and 6,952 acres, respectively, were added, for a total of 33,027 acres. The Geneva Convention of 1929, the international agreement prescribing treatment of prisoners of war, permitted use of POWs as laborers. There were army hospitals located in both Chickasha (Borden General Hospital) McAlester Alien Internment CampThis camp was located north of Electric Street and west of 15th Street on the north side of McAlester in what wouldlater become the McAlester PW Camp. Most enemy prisoners were housed in base camps consisting of one or more compounds. leaders anticipated World War II, they developed plans for control of more than 100,000 enemy aliens living in Thiscamp, located at the Watson Ranch, five miles north of Morris on the east side of highway 52, opened on July 5,1943. Because many PWs with serious injuries or sicknesses were assigned there, twenty-eightdeaths were reported - twenty-two PWs died from natural cause and six died as the result of battle wounds. sites of the camps in which they stayed. They determined that the state met the basic requirements established by the Office of the Provost Marshal General, the U.S. Army agency responsible for the POW program. Seventy-fiveto eighty PWs were confined there. camp, located northwest of the intersection of North Oak and East Redwood streets on the north side of Sallisaw, It opened in October 1944, and last appeared in the PMG reports on May 16, 1945. The Germanpropaganda had tried to convince them that the United States was on the verge of collapsing. a branch of the Camp Howze PW Camp. specific guidelines were set concerning the humane conditions that were to be required for prisoners of war - they 6th and West Columbia streets on the north side of Okemah. About 130 PWs were confined there. Reports of two escapes and one PW death have beenfound. Emil Minotti who was shot to death in an escape attempt. The Oklahoma National Guard's Camp Gruber Maneuver Training Center is located 14 miles southeast of Muskogee, Oklahoma, on Oklahoma Route 10 in the Cookson Hills. war -- that they killed Cpl. A few The camp The PWs cleared trees and brush from thebed of Lake Texoma which was just being completed. Sallisaw PW CampThis For a while, American authorities attempted to exchange the condemned men with Germanyfor Allied soldiers, but ultimately all negotiations failed. (Italian). The POWs were sent first to New York City, where they were processed and given full medical exams. Each compound held about 1,000 prisoners, divided into companies of about 250-men each. At Tonkawa the sixty-foot-high concrete supports for the camp's water tank still stand,and at Camp Gruber concrete and stone sculptures made by POWs are displayed. This includes individual articles (copyright to OHS by author assignment) and corporately (as a complete body of work), including web design, graphics, searching functions, and listing/browsing methods. By May 1943 prisoners of war began arriving. Seminole PW CampThis camp was located in the National Guard Armory on the northeast corner of Front and Linden streets in Eufaula. there, and two PWs escaped before being recaptured in Sallisaw. There were no PWs confined there. The Hobbstown POW camp operated at Spencer Lake until April 1946, 11 months after Germany's surrender in World War II. Charles W. Eeds was a member of the 48th Materiel Squadron in the Philippines when Japanese forces invaded the Philippine Islands in December 1941. It was originally a branch of the Madill Provisional It reverted back into a hospital for American servicemen on July 15, 1945. Around midnight, someone Three of the men are still buried at McAlester. Camp Gruber PW CampThis camp was located one mile north of Braggs on the west side of highway 10 and across the road from Camp Gruber.The first PWs were reported on May 29, 1943. It opened priorto August 30, 1944, and last appeared in the PMG reports on September 1, 1945. He went on to explain that the infamous German military leader, Erwin Rommel, led these troops, which became known Terms of Use About the Encyclopedia. There are no remains. None of the alien internment camps and PW camps in Oklahoma still exist, and the sitesof most of them would not give any hints of their wartime use. About 300 PWs were confined of most of them would not give any hints of their wartime use. The guards arrested the five men that had the most blood on them, according to Corbett, and the prisonerswere sent to Levinworth, where they were later hung. It held primarily Newsweek also says that two other German Prisioners of war, Eric Gaus and Rudolph Straub, were convicted June 13,1944 of the slaying near Camp Gordon, Ga., of Cpl. contractors built base camps at Alva, Camp Gruber, Fort Reno, Fort Sill, McAlester, and Tonkawa. It first appeared in the PMG reports on July In 1945 the Eighty-sixth Infantry "Blackhawk" Division was stationedthere pending deactivation at the end of the war. aides and maintained the camp. Seventy-five and headstone of of commerce began writing their legislative officials, lobbying for the camps to be built in Oklahoma, for our Some of the structuresof the camp still stand, although not very many. During the train rides,they took notice of how Americans were living normal lives - driving their cars, working the fields, etc. training. About fifty PWs were confined there. America needed to accommodate about 275,000 POWs, with camps stationed mainly across the south because of the temperate climate. be treated with the same respect in Europe. They helda kangaroo court one night and found him guilty. The five executed for killing Kunze were all older sergeants in the elete Afrika Korps, Krammer said. Madill Provisional Internment Camp Headquarters. The first PWs arrived on July 31, 1943, and it was closed on November 15, 1945. 11, No. Morris (first a work camp from McAlester and later a branch of Camp Gruber) November 1944 to November 1945; 40. During a war, a belligerent state may capture or imprison someone as a prisoner of war (POW). Around midnight, someoneinformed the guards that there was a riot going on and when they got into the camp, they found the man beaten todeath. Thiscamp was located in the National Guard Armory on the northeast corner of Front and Linden streets in Eufaula. During World War II, about 700 prisoners of war (POW) camps were set up across the United States. They held Two PWs escaped. The men were found There are:-1 items tagged McAlester POW Camp, Oklahoma, USA available in our Library. According to Soviet records 381,067 German Wehrmacht POWs died in NKVD camps (356,700 German nationals and 24,367 from other nations). and Tonkawa. The Nazis caused a lot of problemsin the camps they were imprisoned in. area under a twenty-five year federal license from the Tulsa District of the U.S. Records obtained from the Provost Marshal General of the United States by Tulsa author, Richard S. Warner, indicate there were more than 30 active POW camps in Oklahoma from April 1943 to March 1946. A few concrete ammunition bunkers are the last remnants of the POW camp. Civilian employeesfrom the vicinity performed much of the clerical work. in the National Cemetery at Ft. Sam Houston, Texas. Japanese aliens whohad been picked up in midwestern and north central states, as well as in South and Central American, were confinedthere; it did not hold any of the Japanese-Americans who were relocated from the West Coast under Executive OrderN. All POW records were returned when the Germans were repatriated after the war. "The magazine continues: "Held from Jan. 17 to 18, 1944, the trial leaned over backward to be fair to the fivenon-commissioned officers accused: Walther Beyer, Berthold Seidel, Hans Demme, Willi Schols and Hans Schomer.The Geneva convention entitled them only to court appointed counsel, but in addition they were permitted a Germanlawyer, selected from among their fellow prisoners." The magazine adds Gunther also had beendenounced as a traitor. About 100 PWswere confined there. By the summer of 1942, three camps holding enemy aliens were in use in Oklahoma. By 1950 almost all surviving POWs had been released, with the last prisoner returning from the USSR in 1956. The greatest In November 1943 rioting prisoners at Camp Tonkawa PMG reports on November 1, 1945. Thiscamp was located at the Stringtown Correctional Facility, the same location of the Stringtown Alien InternmentCamp. Reports of two escapes and one PW death have been By 1945 the state would be home to more than thirty prisoner of war camps, fromCaddo to Tonkawa, and each would have its own unique history. The three alien internment camps have left little He said that President Roosevelt believed that if we treated the German soldiers good, our prisoners would also Prisoner of War Camps Alva July 1943 to November 1945; 4,850. Workers erected base camps using standard plans prepared by the U.S. Army Corps ofEngineers. PW camp, it later became a branch of the Ft. Reno PW camp. It was a branch camp of the Camp Gruber PW camp, and three PWs escapedonly to be recaptured at Talihini. The items included a curriculum for courses taught at the camps in Kansas, oral histories of prisoners and community members, and a book providing a comprehensive overview of the POW camps in Kansas at the end of World War II. Gruber's original buildings and facilities were removed or destroyed. murder. Johann Kunze, who was found beaten to death with sticks and bottles. Each compound contained barracks, latrines, and mess halls to accommodate as many as one thousand men.The camps in Oklahoma varied in size: Fort Reno consisted of one compound, Camp Alva five. In 1943 the Forty-second Infantry "Rainbow" Division was reactivated at Gruber. state had been one of the hardest hit states during the depression. The IJA also relied on physical punishment to discipline its own troops. Inspring 1942 federal authorities leased the state prison at Stringtown. Thiscamp was located west of South Mingo Road at 136th Street and north of the Arkansas River from Bixby. They selected Oklahoma because the state met the basic requirements established by the Office of theProvost Marshal General, the U.S. Army agency responsible for the POW program. POWs received the same rations as U.S. troops, and the enlisted men's quarters inside and outside the compounds varied little in quality. They selected Oklahoma because the. Clothed in surplus military fatigues conspicuously stenciled with "PW," German soldiers picked row crops and cotton, harvested wheat and broom corn, manned the Santa Fe Railroad's ice plant at Waynoka, cut underbrush and timber in the basin of Lake Texoma, served as hospital orderlies, and worked on ranches. Reports seemto indicate that it opened in early July 1943, existing only for about one month. At Camp Alva a maximum-security camp for Nazis and Nazi sympathizers, disturbances occurred, and in July 1944 a guard fatally shot a prisoner during an escape attempt. Originally a work camp from the McAlester PW Camp, PW Camp, it held as many as 286 PWs. For a while, American authorities attempted to exchange the condemned men with Germany Few landmarks remain. There were two escapes, probably the reason for the closing of the camp. June 1, 1945. Pitching camp. In 1973 and This was the only maximum security camp in the entire program (whichincluded camps all over the United States.) Approximately 1,000 POWs were held in the Upper Peninsula, while 5,000 were housed in the Lower Peninsula. The magazine adds Gunther also had been Between twenty and forty PWs were confined there, workingas ranch hands. confined there was 4,702 on October 3, 1945. or at alfalfa dryers. Colorado had four principal POW camps Trinidad, Greeley, one at Camp Carson in Colorado Springs and, later, one at Camp Hale, where the 10th Mountain Division trained for ski warfare. Originally a work camp from the McAlester PW Camp,it later became a branch of the Camp Gruber PW Camp. Tonkawa PW CampThis 2, June 1966. A branch of the Camp Gruber PWs Camp,it held as many as 401 PWs at one time. None of the communities specifically sought a prisoner of war camp, but several received them. Part of the confusion also may be attributed to the fact that Japanese aliens from the central United States as well as Central and South America were held for about a year in internment camps before being shipped out of state. Civilian employees from the vicinity performed much of the clerical work. The prisoners then became outraged with him and started throwing They then understoodthat the United States was not what they had been told it would be like.. Unique Tulsa History - Bixby WW2 POW Camp (GC84KVY) was created by Scott&Brandi on 3/12/2019. guilty and sentenced to death. It was activated on March 30, 1942, closed in June of 1943, and had a capacity of 500. The dates of its existence are The road is in an area called the POW Camp Recreation Area in the De Soto National Forest. Soldiers who are in a POW status are authorized payment of 50% of the worldwide average per diem rate for each day held in captive status. A base camp, its official capacity was It first appeared in the PMG reports on November 1, Three separate internment camps were built at Ft. Sill. camps were at Ft. Sill, McAlester, and Stringtown, but they were not used for that purpose for long and with their Vol 17, Iss 2 Oklahoma - Prisoner of War Camps in Oklahoma dot Oklahoma in WWII. He said that many of the German POWs came back to the United States in the 80s and 90s and always visited the Five Nazis Sentenced to Death For Killing Companion in State Most of the Japanese prisoners were housed in the state's main POW camp at Camp McCoy - now Fort McCoy - near Tomah. The prisoners then became outraged with him and started throwingdishes at him.. Eight base camps used for the duration of the war emerged at various locations. (photo by D. Everett, Oklahoma Historical Society Publications Division, OHS). Users agree not to download, copy, modify, sell, lease, rent, reprint, or otherwise distribute these materials, or to link to these materials on another web site, without authorization of the Oklahoma Historical Society. The camp is but a memory, and the water tower is one of the . It first appeared in the PMG reports on July 19, 1943, and last appeared on January 1, 1944. The treatment of American and allied prisoners by the Japanese is one of the abiding horrors of World War II. The Greenleaf Lodge area is under National Guard authority and is not part of Greenleaf Lake State Park. 9066. , Where were the housed German POWs during WWII? Located in the Old First National Bank Building in Madill, this camp opened on April 29, 1943,and closed on April 1, 1944. prisoners of war and partially staffed it with captured enemy medical personnel. Thiscamp was located at what is now Will Rogers World Airport at Oklahoma City. Waynoka (a branch of the Alva Camp) August 1944 to September 1945; Wetumka (a branch of the Camp Gruber) August 1944 to November 1945; Wewoka (a work camp from McAlester) opened in October 1943 but no closing date listed; 40. Three separate internment camps were built at Ft. Sill. It had acapacity of 300, but usually only about 275 PWs were confined there. WWII Prisoner of War Camp -- Looking south down Washington Avenue. There may have been PWs in . The five were apprehended, tried by an American court-martial at Camp Gruber, and found quilty of murdering Corp. Johann Kunze at Camp Tonkawa on Nov. 4, 1943. It was a hospital for American servicemen until August 1, 1944, when it becamea hospital for the treatment of PWs and a branch of the camp Gruber PW camp. a capacity of 500 and was generally kept full. It had a capacity of 4, 800, and no reports of escapes or deaths have been located. "Tonkawa POW Camp," Vertical File, Northern Oklahoma College Library, Northern Oklahoma College, Tonkawa. It had a capacity of 600 and was usually kept full. The men were foundguilty and sentenced to death. New York. the vast majority of POWs confined in Oklahoma. The camps were located all over the US, but were mostly in the South, due to the higher expense of heating the barracks in colder areas. German POW. in Morocco and Algeria. Photo by Buel White of the Post-Dispatch. This It opened on about November 1, 1943, and last appeared in the PMG reports on No prisoners were confined at Madill. About 200 PWs were confinedthere, and two PWs escaped before being recaptured in Sallisaw. In August of that year a unique facility opened at Okmulgee when army officials designated Glennan General Hospital to treat prisoners of war and partially staffed it with captured enemy medical personnel. permanent camps were put under construction or remodeling at Alva, McAlester, Stringtown,and Tonkawa. All POWs returned to Europe except those confined to military prisons or hospitals.By mid-May 1946 the last prisoners left Oklahoma. Eight base camps used for the duration of the war emerged at various locations. The Alva camp was a special camp for holding Nazis and Desiring to stay in the US after the war, he began passing notes of information on German activities It wasa base camp that housed only officer PWs with a few enlisted men and non-commissioned officers who served as theiraides and maintained the camp. At the end of thetwentieth century Camp Gruber still served OKARNG as a training base for summer field exercises and for weekendtraining. Hickory PW Camp Thiscamp was located four miles east of Hickory at the Horseshoe Ranch. Prisoner of War Camps Alva July 1943 to November 1945; 4,850. Workers erected base camps using standard plans prepared by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. There were no PWs confined there. During the train rides, Hitler sent German troops to help out the Italians. The site covers more than 33,000 acres.
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