Life generating from the corpse or dismembered parts of an originator deity.. TheItalictowns had their own tutelary deities. InGreek mythology, the Earth is personified asGaia, corresponding to RomanTerra, IndicPrithvi/Bhmi, etc. Trinity Evolution Started over 30,000 years ago, Maybe? It seems ancient peoples had to survived amazing threats in a dangerous universe (by superstition perceived as good and evil), and human immorality or imperfection of the soul which was thought to affect the still living, leading to ancestor worship. Millet Spreading from China 7,022 years ago to Europe and related Language may have Spread with it leading to Proto-Indo-European, Proto-Indo-European (PIE), ancestor of Indo-European languages: DNA, Society, Language, and Mythology, The DnieperDonets culture and Asian varieties of Millet from China to the Black Sea region of Europe by 7,022 years ago, The Mytheme of Ancient North Eurasian Sacred-Dog belief and similar motifs are found in Indo-European, Native American, and Siberian comparative mythology, Elite Power Accumulation: Ancient Trade, Tokens, Writing, Wealth, Merchants, and Priest-Kings. The books of the biblical prophets, warning of the consequences of turning away from God: Exodus 20:23 You shall not make other gods besides Me (not saying there are no other gods just not to worship them); gods of silver or gods of gold, you shall not make for yourselves., Judges 10:6 Then the sons of Israel again did evil in the sight of the LORD, served the Baals and the Ashtaroth, the gods of Aram, the gods of Sidon, the gods of Moab, the gods of the sons of Ammon, and the gods of the Philistines; thus they forsook the LORD and did not serve Him., 1 Corinthians 8:5 For even if there are so-called gods whether in heaven or on earth, as indeed there are many gods and many lords.. Beauv.) He hypothesizes that the Tripolye culture was taken over by PIE speakers by c. 4000 BCE or 6,021 years ago, and that in its final phase the Tripolye culture expanded to the steppes, morphing into various regional cultures which fused with the late Sredny Stog pastoralist cultures, which, he suggests, gave rise to the Yamnaya culture. ref, According to Anthony (2007), the early Yamnaya horizon spread quickly across the PonticCaspian steppes between c.3400 and 3200BCE or 5,421-5,221 years ago: The spread of the Yamnaya horizon was the material expression of the spread of late Proto-Indo-European across the PonticCaspian steppes. Proto-Indo-European was spoken by the Yamnaya people. Hundreds of these kurgans survive today, breadcrumbs leading us back in time on the trail of the people who brought into Europe the Indo-European languages so many millions of people speak today. Many people just want to see developed religious dynamics everywhere even if it is not. Our data thus suggest a Western, The slightly rolling to flat steppe landscape north of the Caucasus mountain chain includes vast areas without natural boundaries. in clay ovens or on heated stones in the home. The team, from the University of Helsinki and Hartwick College in New York, analysed more than 200 Yamnaya individuals who dated as far back as 3000BC - the start of the Bronze Age. These results indicated strong regional differentiations and a long history of cultivation in each region. ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref,ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref, ref,ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, The shaman is, above all, a connecting figure, bridging several worlds for his people, traveling between this world, the underworld, and the heavens. Old Slavonic and Sanskrit have the same grammatical structure and have around 1000 the same words with similar or the same meanings. The Samara culture was an Eneolithic (Copper Age) culture that flourished around the turn of the 5th millennium BCE,[note 1] at the Samara Bend of the Volga River (modern Russia). Anja Furtwngler of the University of Tbingens told Heritage Daily that remarkably, we identified several female individuals without any detectable steppe-related ancestry up to 1000 years after this ancestry arrived in the region. This meant that the two groups did not merge over a space of years, which also indicates something about their society. The words we reach for, fromGodtogravity, are inadequate to the task. Unlike the archaeological Yamnaya homeland, the linguistic homeland of the core Indo-European language community cannot be located in the eastern steppe, but must be situated around, and extending to the west of, the Dnieper River. Yamnaya people were also skilled warriors. R1a1a1b1a3 [R1a1a1a1] (R-Z284) occurs in Northwest Europe and peaks at c. 20% in Norway. 2aandSupplementary Figs. The researchers analyzed microscopic traces of plant residues trapped in pits and crevices on stone tools. (Autodidact Polymath but not good at math), https://indo-european.eu/2018/02/the-arrival-of-haplogroup-r1a-m417-in-eastern-europe-and-the-east-west-diffusion-of-pottery-through-north-eurasia/, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_North_Eurasian, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mal%27ta%E2%80%93Buret%27_culture, https://www.sciencealert.com/ancient-women-found-in-a-russian-cave-turn-out-to-be-closely-related-to-the-modern-population, report their results in a paper in the journal, https://www.academia.edu/8530779/Bone_or_Flesh_Defleshing_and_Post_Depositional_Treatments_at_K%C3%B6rtik_Tepe_Southeastern_Anatolia_PPNA_Period_?email_work_card=title, https://www.academia.edu/8748426/Life_death_and_the_emergence_of_differential_status_in_the_Near_Eastern_Neolithic_Evidence_from_Kfar_HaHoresh_Lower_Galilee_Israel?email_work_card=title, https://www.academia.edu/10373183/Investigating_the_influence_the_domestication_of_animals_had_on_the_animal_symbolism_of_the_Neolithic_Near_East?email_work_card=title, https://www.academia.edu/556095/Heady_Business_Skulls_Heads_and_Decaptitation_in_Neolithic_Anatolia_and_Greece?email_work_card=title, https://www.academia.edu/2045039/Anarchism_and_the_Archaeology_of_Anarchic_Societies_Resistance_to_Centralization_in_the_Coast_Salish_Region_of_the_Pacific_Northwest_Coast?email_work_card=title, https://www.academia.edu/6041699/Is_it_goddess_or_bear_The_role_of_%C3%87atalh%C3%B6y%C3%BCk_animal_seals_in_Neolithic_symbolism?email_work_card=title, https://www.academia.edu/11382971/In_and_Outside_the_Square_The_Sky_and_the_Power_of_Belief_in_Ancient_China_and_the_World_c_4_500_BC_AD_220_Volume_I_The_Ancient_Eurasian_World_and_the_Celestial_Pivot?email_work_card=title, https://www.academia.edu/14001057/Kurgan_Copper_Revolution?email_work_card=title, https://www.academia.edu/31304670/Dynasty_0?email_work_card=title, https://www.academia.edu/24741906/Absolute_chronology_of_the_settlement_of_the_Eastern_Linear_Pottery_culture_at_Moravany?email_work_card=title, https://www.academia.edu/49885484/Did_Indo_European_Languages_Stem_From_a_Trans_Eurasian_Original_Language?email_work_card=title, https://www.academia.edu/2236450/Natufian_Beginnings_The_consequences_of_a_sedentary_lifestyle?email_work_card=title, https://www.academia.edu/3877380/M_Vidale_T_Shaped_Pillars_and_Mesolithic_Chiefdoms_in_the_Prehistory_of_Southern_Eurasia_a_Preliminary_Note?email_work_card=title, https://www.academia.edu/38549199/Pigs_in_Space_and_Time_Pork_Consumption_and_Identity_Negotiations_in_the_Late_Bronze_and_Iron_Ages_of_Ancient_Israel_Near_Eastern_Archaeology_81_276-299?email_work_card=title, https://www.academia.edu/220990/Ancient_Felines_and_the_Great-Goddess_in_Anatolia_Kubaba_and_Cybele?email_work_card=title, https://www.academia.edu/40971286/Anatolia_From_the_Pre_Pottery_Neolithic_to_the_End_of_the_Early_Bronze_Age_10_500_2000_bce_?email_work_card=title, https://www.academia.edu/23733311/Recent_excavations_at_the_Neolithic_site_of_yiftahel_Khalet_Khalladyiah_lower_Galilee?email_work_card=title, https://academia.edu/9898651/Inanna_in_Mesopotamian_Religion_and_Culture_Reinforcer_of_Heteronormativity_or_Legitimizer_of_non-Heteronormativity?email_work_card=title, https://www.academia.edu/10168550/East_Asian_ethnolinguistic_phylogeography?email_work_card=minimal-title, https://www.academia.edu/9552951/Anth.340_Ppt._lecture-3_Neolithic_Levant_Chronology_Natufian_overview_Neolithic_summary_PPNA_Jericho_Gobekli_Tepe_agriculture_lithics_PPNB_Ain_Ghazal_herding_PNA_pottery_Yarmukian_culture_PNB_Wadi_Rabah_main_trends_by_G._Mumford_revised_Sept._2018_?email_work_card=title, https://www.academia.edu/1527168/Starcevo-Cris_Culture_in_Western_Romania_-_repository_distribution_map_state_of_research_and_chronology?email_work_card=title, https://www.academia.edu/30971852/MESOLITHIC_PEOPLE_FROM_CRIMEA?email_work_card=minimal-title, https://www.academia.edu/16562337/From_Upper_Perigordian_to_the_current_Non-hierarchical_Gravettian_in_the_Cantabrian_Region_Northern_Spain_Recent_Changes_Current_Challenges?email_work_card=minimal-title, people there used bread wheat from southwest Asia and broomcorn millet from eastern Asia, Ancient Egyptian Religion Britannica.com, Stone Snake of South Africa: first human worship 70,000 years ago, Beware of Pseudo-History like the Claims of a Hammer in a 400 Million-Year-Old Rock. While the rest of their ancestry is derived from the Dzudzuana cave individual dated ~26 kya, which lacked ANE-admixture, Dzudzuana affinity in the Caucasus decreased with the arrival of ANE at ~13 kya Satsurblia.ref, Scandinavian Hunter-Gatherer(SHG) is represented by several individuals buried atMotala, Sweden ca. The door of reason opens not once but many times. They were descended fromWestern Hunter-Gathererswho initially settledScandinaviafrom the south, and later populations of EHG who entered Scandinavia from the north through the coast ofNorway.ref, Iran Neolithic(Iran_N) individuals dated ~8.5 kya carried 50% ANE-derived admixture and 50% Dzudzuana-related admixture, marking them as different from other Near-Eastern and Anatolian Neolithics who didnt have ANE admixture. People of the neighboring, were even more powerfully built than the Sredny Stog and, In the earlier horizon of Mikhailovka site, impressions of emmer wheat, hulled barley, and, We used three recently active transposons (, ) as genome-wide markers and succeeded in demonstrating geographical structures of the foxtail millet. Our findings on the spread of millet that intensified during the fourth millennium BCE coincide with published dates of the expansion of the Sino-Tibetan languages from the Yellow River basin. ref, Seeds found at two herder campsites in Kazakhstan show thatpeople there used bread wheat from southwest Asia and broomcorn millet from eastern Asiabetween 4,800 and 4,300 years ago. They also hunted deer and wild game. A successive potential proxy is the Babyno culture (22001700 BCE), whose similarities to the Epi-Corded Ware of the Carpathian region suggest an East-Central European origin, The Eurasian steppe belt is a region peculiar for its nomadic and semi-nomadic stockbreeding cultures. A creation myth acts as a cornerstone for distinguishing primary reality fromrelativereality, the origin and nature ofbeingfrom non-being. In addition to wheat, oats, peas, and vegetables grown by the early farmers, the researchers found traces of wild tubers and wild millet seeds. The Yamnaya culture was a late Copper Age to early Bronze Age archaeological culture of the region between the Southern Bug, Dniester, and Ural rivers (the Pontic steppe), dating to 3300-2600 BC. The skeletons of a man and woman discovered around 100 years ago, as they were trying to survive the notorious Mount Vesuvius eruption of 79 AD, have been put under the scanner by scientists. l is listed at the head of many pantheons. Die Jamnaja-Kultur ([jamnaja], aus russisch , ukrainisch , englisch Yamnaya culture; traditionell deutsch Grubengrab-oder Ockergrab-Kultur, englisch Pit grave culture) ist eine osteuropische archologische Kultur der spten Kupferzeit und frhen Bronzezeit im Gebiet um die Flsse Dnister, Bug und Ural in der pontischen Steppe. One theory is that the Yamnaya were displaced by the Indo-Europeans, who came from the east and settled in the steppes. Latin is not very old language in relation to Sanskrit. "The Yamnaya culture is identified with the late Proto-Indo-Europeans, and the Pontic-Caspian steppe is the strongest candidate for the Urheimat (original homeland) of the Proto-Indo-European language. Often without realizing it, we accumulate beliefs that we allow to negatively influence our lives. That is still how I see it and there are other archaeologists that think close to me as well. The Yamnaya culture vanished suddenly around 3000 BCE. Indeed, in the final stage of Mikhailovka the evidence of millet increased, suggesting an increasing presence of C4 plants in the vegetation and/or in the diet. To study the genetic structure and kin relations in CWC communities, we . Sanskrit is the language used in Vedas (Indian ancient texts/ some 4000 y.o. Cereal remains, cutting tools and a plowshare alleged to be found in Yamnaya contexts. Refugees fleeing oppression or an environmental disaster look quite a bit different than a group of elite warriors seeking to conquer territory and impose themselves on the current inhabitants. The steppe_MLBA gene pool was largely descended from the preceding steppe_EMBA gene pool, with a substantial contribution from Late Neolithic Europeans. 6000 BC. Intriguingly, it is evident that many agricultural meanings that have habitually been reconstructed for Proto-Indo-European are effectively post-Anatolian. Leurs auteurs tiennent cet vnement comme formant la base de la diffusion des langues indo-europennes. May we all be the ones doing good actions in the world, to help human flourishing. Lord Guanis the patron of military personnel and police, whileMazuis the patron of fishermen and sailors. Will my valor reach its height of empathy? Milk was an important source of nutrition for Yamnaya people, providing them with essential fats and proteins. New Testing Revealed, First Complete DNA Sequencing Unveils Truth of Pompeii Victim, How Mixed Ancestries Shaped European Traits, Decade of DNA Analysis Reveals Astonishing Truths About Our Past, Genetic Study of Romanian Skull Upends Previous Theories of Evolution. They lived primarily as nomads, with a chiefdom system and wheeled carts and wagons that allowed them to manage large herds. ref, They are also closely connected to Final Neolithic cultures, which later spread throughout Europe and Central Asia, especially the Corded Ware people and the Bell Beaker culture, as well as the peoples of the Sintashta, Andronovo, and Srubnaya cultures. Autosomal DNAbecame more easily accessible in the 2000s, and since the mid-2010s, results of previously unattainable resolution, many of them based on full-genome analysis of ancient DNA, have been published at an accelerated pace.ref, Research Shows Indo-European Languages Originated in Turkey (2012), The Indo-European languages belong to one of the widest spread language families of the world. Ancestors are therefore themselves tutelaries to be worshiped. Tellingly, these populations also have the lowest percentages of Y-haplogroup N only 3% for the Koreans and 2% for the Japanese, as opposed to 10 to 25% for the Mongols and Buryats, and frequencies between 30% and 90% for most Turkic-speaking Siberians. ref, Ancient Women Found in a Russian Cave Turn Out to Be Closely Related to The Modern Population https://www.sciencealert.com/ancient-women-found-in-a-russian-cave-turn-out-to-be-closely-related-to-the-modern-population, Ancient genomes have revolutionized our understanding of Holocene prehistory and, particularly, the Neolithic transition in western Eurasia. The Ancient North Eurasians (ANE) samples (Afontova Gora 3, Malta 1, and Yana-RHS) show evidence for minor gene flow from an East Asian-related group (simplified by the Amis, Han, or Tianyuan) but no evidence for ANE-related geneflow into East Asians (Amis, Han, Tianyuan), except the Ainu, of North Japan.ref, The ANE lineage is defined by association with the MA-1, or Malta boy, remains of 24,000 years ago in central Siberia Malta-Buret culture 24,000-15,000 years ago basal to modern-day Europeans. The truth is best championed in the sunlight of challenge. Show seven:Paganism 5,000 years old: progressed organized religion and the state: related to Anarchism and Socialism (Kings and the Rise of the State), Show eight:Paganism 4,000 years old: Moralistic gods after the rise of Statism and often support Statism/Kings: related to Anarchism and Socialism (First Moralistic gods, then the Origin time of Monotheism), Prehistory: related to Anarchism and Socialism the division of labor, power, rights, and recourses:VIDEO, Pre-animism 300,000 years old and animism 100,000 years old: related to Anarchism and Socialism:VIDEO, Totemism 50,000 years old: related to Anarchism and Socialism:VIDEO, Shamanism 30,000 years old: related to Anarchism and Socialism:VIDEO, Paganism 12,000 years old: related to Anarchism and Socialism (Pre-Capitalism):VIDEO, Paganism 7,000-5,000 years old: related to Anarchism and Socialism (Capitalism) (World War 0) Elite and their slaves:VIEDO, Paganism 5,000 years old: progressed organized religion and the state: related to Anarchism and Socialism (Kings and the Rise of the State):VIEDO, Paganism 4,000 years old: related to Anarchism and Socialism (First Moralistic gods, then the Origin time of Monotheism):VIEDO. I know I see the deep ethical responsibility that if there is power their must be a humanistic responsibility of ethical and empathic stewardship of that power. In Egyptian mythology,Nutis the sky mother andGebis the earth father).ref, Atutelary(alsotutelar) is adeityorspiritwho is a guardian, patron, or protector of a particular place, geographic feature, person, lineage, nation, culture, or occupation. The exact nature of Yangshao agriculture, small-scaleslash-and-burncultivation versus intensive agriculture in permanent fields, is currently a matter of debate. In Sredny Stog culture, the deceased were laid to rest on their backs with the legs flexed. by Jonathan Shaw. Second, is the frame and walls: Supernaturalism and Sacralizism/Spiritualism. Elements of the practice can be seen even today, with Christian accretions, where statues to various saints (such asSt. Francis) protect gardens and grottos. WSGs were found to be of about 30% EHG ancestry, 50% ANE ancestry, and 20% to 38% East Asian ancestry.ref, Western Steppe Herders(WSH) is the name given to a distinct ancestral component that represents descent closely related to theYamnaya cultureof thePonticCaspian steppe. A 2022 study published inScientific Reportsanalyzed 18 new unrelated Trypillians from the Verteba Cave in Ukraine. Nothing more than a confused reality made up of unscientific echoes from mans ancient past. R-M458 is a mainlySlavicSNP, characterized by its own mutation, and was first calledcluster N.Underhill et al. Spiritual growth is related to the cycles of the Earth and great emphasis is placed on ecological concerns. Artifacts, genes, and even a reconstructed language - Proto-Indo-European - all seem to match up. Intriguingly, Indo-Iranian and especially Tocharian were impacted less heavily by the later, more radical shift towards agriculture that manifests itself in the European branches, indicating that they were culturally but also geographically more peripheral. Such as that they are one continuous population of indigenous people who have simply adopted the practice of pottery making. The direct descendants are archaeological cultures such as the Afasanievo, Corded Ware, Bell Beakers and the Catacomb culture. [8], Mathieson et al. A Yamnaya skeleton from a grave in the Russian steppe, which was the homeland of men who migrated to Europe. Instead, all that is found is largely fragments until the domestication of religion. The teams innovative Bayesian phylogeographic analysis of Indo-European linguistic and spatial data, including basic vocabulary data from 103 ancient and contemporary Indo-European languages, decisively supports this theory. Owing to the historical distance of Yamnaya culture, and reliance on archaeological findings, debate continues as to its origin. However, since these branches share the Indo-European words for plow and pound grain, they must, too, somehow have been involved in or at least connected to the establishment of the core Indo-European continuum in the West Pontic region. The Iliad can provide new insights on the role of motherhood among the ancient Greek gods, and by extension, amongst ancient mortal Greek women themselves. The beginnings of the steppe belt cultures coincide with the Copper Age (5th millennium BCE) and the activation of the Carpatho-Balkan Metallurgical Province. They were an early Bronze Age culture that came from the grasslands, or steppes, of modern-day Russia and Ukraine, bringing with them metallurgy and . Atheists talk about gods and religions for the same reason doctors talk about cancer, they are looking for a cure, or a firefighter talks about fires because they burn people and they care to stop them. Here, we report genome-wide data from 19Upper Paleolithic to Early Bronze Age individuals from this Siberian region. (2009) also reports a surprisingly high frequency of M458 in someNorthern Caucasianpopulations (for example 27.5% amongKarachaysand 23.5% amongBalkars, 7.8% amongKaranogaysand 3.4% amongAbazas). ref, HaplogroupN1cis found chiefly in north-eastern Europe, particularly in Finland (61%), Lapland (53%), Estonia (34%), Latvia (38%), Lithuania (42%), and northern Russia (30%), and to a lower extent also in central Russia (15%), Belarus (10%), eastern Ukraine (9%), Sweden (7%), Poland (4%) and Turkey (4%). In the Early and Middle Bronze Age (4th3rd millennia BCE), advanced pastoral cultures emerged in the Circumpontic Metallurgical Province. The term paganism, used by me and some others who are academics, roughly refers to pre-Christian, socioreligious-cultural-based traditions which were polytheistic (worshiped multiple entities), and to me, I speculate also involve elements of Animism, Totemism, and shamanism; which together with polytheism are what I call paganism. They passed the curving arc of the Carpathian Mountains and left the Balkans behind, eventually traveling all the way to the Great Hungarian Plain. Eliade and his colleague Charles Long developed a classification based on some commonmotifsthat reappear in stories the world over. The YamnayaThe Yamnaya culture was an important stepping stone in the rise of the Indo-Europeans and the spread of the Indo-European languages. Their material culture was very similar to the Afanasevo culture, and the populations of both cultures are genetically indistinguishable. These results are even earlier than in other parts of Europe, including Britain, Germany and Iberia. The rooted tree shows the genetic phylogeny of human populations from Africa, North Europe, and East Asia, with the colors of the branches roughly indicating the generalized skin pigmentation level of these populations, . One of the common beliefs is the divine presence in nature and the reverence of the natural order in life. Pottery consists mainly of egg-shaped beakers with pronounced rims. Based on their study, the researchers believe they have shown that the group from the Pontic Steppe was a relatively homogenous population that occupied large parts of Central Europe in the Early Bronze Age , reports Heritage Daily . Ket language lacks apparent affiliation with any major language family and is clearly distinct from surrounding Uralic, Turkic, and Tungusic languages. Yamnaya people were pastoralists who relied on herding sheep, goats, and cattle. In conclusion, while many cereal terms have been proposed in the literature, their number must be substantially reduced, especially for the most basal stage of Indo-European, Indo-Anatolian. No.Still nothing but lofty speculation riddled with assumptions. The Yamnaya culture was the first to domesticate horses on a large scale. The Dark Ages Germanic invasion of Britain is looking increasingly like a climate catastrophe refugee migration (albeit well-armed) into an area that may have been partially depopulated by an epidemic. If youd like to learn more about the Yamnaya and their migration, check out, Perspectives: Past, Present, and Future, by Patrick Wyman. Because of their immediacy they had arguably more influence on the day-to-day affairs of men than the remote gods did. Milk was an important source of nutrition for Yamnaya people. For example, the Upper Paleolithic genomes from the Malta and Afontova Gora sites in southern Siberia revealed a genetic profile, often called Ancient North Eurasians (ANE), which is deeply related to Paleolithic/Mesolithic hunter-gatherers in Europe and also substantially contributed to the gene pools of present-day Native Americans, Siberians, Europeans and South Asians. The term myth here refers to the imaginative expression in narrative form of what is experienced or apprehended as basic reality The term creation refers to the beginning of things, whether by the will and act of a transcendent being, by emanation from some ultimate source, or in any other way.. Many European cultures retained house spirits into the modern period. Other weapons are bone spearheads and flint arrowheads. The sign is a voice which comes to me and always forbids me to do something which I am going to do, but never commands me to do anything, and this is what stands in the way of my being a politician.ref, Tutelary deities who guard and preserve a place or a person are fundamental toancient Roman religion. Sacred Mounds, Mountains, Kurgans, and Pyramids may hold deep connections? While members of the older population, who were descended from hunter-gatherers continued to exist also in the region and remained a distinct genetic group. In Philippineanimism,DiwataorLambanaare deities or spirits that inhabit sacred places like mountains and mounds and serve as guardians. The minority view links the origins of Indo-European with the spread of farming from Anatolia 8,000-9,500 years ago. Horses were domesticated by the Yamnaya and used for transportation, as well as by chariots in warfare.
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